History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to SwinburneLang, Andrew
History
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Lang, Andrew
English literature -- History and criticism
The poet, fallen on the grassy grave of the lost child, lies entranced,
but his spirit floats forth to a strange land of cliffs and woods,
where the leaves shine as burnished silver, and birds of strange hues
float and sing. He comes to a river crystal-clear, whose pearls glow
like sapphire and emerald, but that river has no ford, and may not
be crossed by living man. On the farther shore he sees a maiden clad
in white and in pearls, fresh as a fleur-de-lis; she is the Blessed
Damosel, the Lady Pearl. Her locks are golden, and her crown is of
pearls and gold. She tells the dreamer that she is not lost: his Pearl
is in a coffer; safely set in the garden of Paradise. She comforts him
with the hope and comfort of Christ. Henceforward her discourse is
religious: he strives to cross that River, and to reach the shining
city of the Apocalypse; but he wakes on the grave of his child; and
consoles himself with the promise of the Communion of the Saints. The
machinery of the Dream, and the River, are borrowed (as all poets then
borrowed), from the famous French "Roman de la Rose" (1240) with its
allegorical characters. This fashion of poetry, always beginning with a
dream, in which the dreamer has visionary adventures with allegorical
personages, became a kind of literary epidemic, terribly tedious and
conventional, as time went on.
The poet has given to his lay the charm of sorrow not without hope, and
a dainty grace of artifice that is not insincere; "of his tears are
pearls made".
As to the author of "Pearl," there is much difference of opinion.
Nothing in the two edifying poems in the same manuscript, "Cleanness"
and "Patience," makes it improbable that he wrote them. "Gawain and the
Green Knight" is a very different composition, yet of lofty character;
the author of "Pearl" may have written it, just as the author of "The
Lotus Eaters" wrote "The Northern Farmer," and "The Charge of the Light
Brigade".
Huchown.
With a number of other poems, "Pearl" has been claimed for a Scot,
Huchown, Sir Hugh of Eglintoun, an Ayrshire laird, known as a fighting
man, a diplomatist, and a judge, in the reign of David II of Scotland;
he "flourished" between 1342 and 1377. Or perhaps Huchown was a priest,
nobody knows.
The process of argument is this; some forty-three years after Sir
Hugh died, in 1420, a Scottish writer of history in rhyme, Wyntoun,
produced his "Orygynale Cronykil" (his spelling is original enough).
He says that "Huchown of the Awle Ryale," wrote learnedly, on the
Brut and Arthur themes, in his "Geste Hystorialle," that is a rhymed
romance named "Morte Arthur". Wyntoun also says that Huchown made the
"Gret Gest off Arthure" (apparently the "Morte Arthur"), the "Awntyre
off Gawaine" (perhaps "Gawain and the Green Knight," or perhaps the
"Awntyrs of Arthur"), and the "Pystyll of Swete Susane" (a poem still
extant, on Susannah and the Elders, the story in the Apocrypha).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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