R Rachis, 4 Reproduction, vegetative, 3 Reproduction of Ferns, 13 _et seq._ _Rhizocarpeæ_, 12 Rhizome, 4 Ribbon Ferns, 38 Rigid Buckler Fern, 56 Roots, 5 Rough Horsetail, 120 Royal Fern, 11, 93 Rue-leaved Spleen wort, 71 _Ruta graveolens_, 71 S _Salvinia_, 12 _Salviniaceæ_, 12 Scaly Spleen wort, 29, 77 _Schizœaceæ_, 11 _Scolopendrium rhizophyllum_, 3 _vulgare_, 81 Sea Spleenwort, 130 Seed, 27 _Selaginella grandis_, 30 _spinosa_, 12, 30, 106 _Selaginellaceæ_, 12, 26 Selaginellas, 30 Life histories of, 29 Sex organs, 17 Shade Horsetail, 116 _Sigillariaceæ_, 12 Smooth Naked Horsetail, 118 Soft Prickly Shield Fern, 60 Sori, 7, 14 Spermatozoids, 17 Spleenworts, 10, 66 _et seq._ Sporangia, 6, 14 Spore cases (_see_ Sporangia) Spores, 5, 15 _et seq._ Stag’s Horn Moss, 101 Stipes, 5 T Three-branched Polypody (_see_ Oak Fern) Tree Ferns, 4, 11 Triangular Buckler Fern, 55 _Trichomanes_, 30 _radicans_, 8, 33 Tunbridge Filmy Fern, 35 V Variegated Rough Horsetail, 119 Vascular Cryptogams, 1 _et seq._ Economic importance of, 31 Vegetative reproduction, 3 W Walking Fern, 3 Wall Rue, 10, 70 Wardian cases, 130 Water Club Mosses, 7 Water Fern, 7, 110 Water Horsetail, 118 Wolf’s Claw, 101 Wood Horsetail, 117 Woods, Mr. Joseph, 61 _Woodsia hyperborea_, 61 _ilvensis_, 62 _Woodsias_, 10 _Printed by_ Morrison & Gibb Limited, _Edinburgh_ Transcriber’s Notes --Retained publisher information from the printed copy (the electronic edition is in the public domain in the country of publication). --Corrected some palpable typos, notably changing several misspellings of ‘filix-fæmina’. --In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_. End of Project Gutenberg's How to Know the Ferns, by S. Leonard Bastin