In the winter of 1845-46, during an epidemic, which ravaged the city of Dresden and the neighboring villages, I was called to see a child, belonging to a tradesman, blessed with a large family, but without sufficient means to support them. I found the whole family crammed together in a room of moderate size, the patient lying in a bed near the window. There was a large fire in a sheet-iron stove, upon which the mother was preparing the scanty dinner of the family. The air was filled with the exhalations of the living, beside the smell from the potatoes and sourkrout, which was undergoing the cooking process, the sundry boots and shoes lying around or being under repair in the hands of the father, and a few pieces of linen hanging behind the stove for the purpose of drying. In an adjoining alcove lay the body of a little boy, who had expired the day before, a victim of scarlet-fever. I found the patient, a fair-haired little girl of about eight years, in a state of sopor, which had lasted a day and a half; there had been delirium for two or three days, during which time the child had never had a clear moment. There was a purple rash all over the body. The temperature of the body I found 112 F., on placing my pocket-thermometer under the pit of the arm; the pulse was small, but exceedingly quick. There was considerable inflammation of the throat and swelling of the face; the breath was very bad. There was a blister on the throat and a mustard plaster on each of the soles of the feet. I sent for a large wash-tub and water, which I mixed with some warm water, so as to make it about 65 deg.. I had the child undressed, and placed in the empty tub, after removing the blister and mustard; then I poured the water slowly over her head, shoulders and the rest of the body. The second pail brought her to consciousness, but only for a moment. As the delirium returned, I continued to pour water over her; till the tub was filled about nine inches, when I used the water from the bath. In fifteen minutes, I found the heat of the body diminished about five degrees. Soon after, the child became conscious, and its mind cleared off more and more, as she continued in the bath. In thirty minutes, the heat was 103, and the pulse, which first could not be counted, 135, when I removed her from the bath and put her in a wet-sheet pack, where she fell asleep. The pulse continuing slower, coming down to 126, and the heat not increasing, I left her in the pack for an hour and three quarters, when I observed an increase of heat, a quickening of the pulse and a return of delirium.