Fungi -- Great Britain -- Identification; Mushrooms -- Identification
Thus in the British Isles agarics with eccentric stems may be found,
in the white, brown and pink-spored groups--and in the tropics and
subtropics the picture is completed by the existence of the genus
_Melanotus_ in the black-spored agarics. _M. bambusinus_ Pat. grows on
bamboos and _M. musae_ (Berk. & Curt.) Singer grows on dead leaves and
debris of bananas; the latter is also a probable agent in the decay of
fibres in the tropics.
(d) Saprophytes--terrestrial agarics
~Melanoleuca melaleuca~ (Fries) Murrill
_Cap_: width 40-110 mm. _Stem_: width 50-80 mm; length 50-90 mm.
_Description_:
Cap: dark brown, umber or vandyke when moist, hygrophanous and
becoming very much paler on drying almost tan, convex then flattened
sometimes umbonate, smooth or wrinkled.
Stem: white or whitish covered in brownish fibrils which increase in
number with age or after handling; solid, rather elastic and slightly
swollen towards the base.
Gills: white, broad, crowded and as if cut out from behind before
joining the stem.
Flesh: with pleasant smell, soft, white, becoming brownish with age,
particularly in the stem.
Spore-print: very pale ivory-colour.
Spores: medium-sized, ellipsoid, hyaline under the microscope and
roughened by distinct dots which become blue-black when mounted in
solutions containing iodine, 8 × 4-5 µm.
Marginal cystidia: spear- or sword-shaped, roughened with crystals at
the top and appearing as if barbed like fish-spines.
Facial cystidia: numerous and similar to marginal cystidia.
_Habitat_ & _Distribution_: Common in autumn in woods; also found in
pastures.
_General Information_: A very common fungus which is rather confusing
to the beginner because of its variation in colour, brought about by
the change in colour with change in content of water. However, this
fungus can be easily recognised by the unusually ornamented cystidia
found on the gill-faces and gill-margins. This character and the fact
that the spores possess amyloid ornamentation define in part the genus
_Melanoleuca_. In many books this common fungus is found under the
genus _Tricholoma_; however, members of this latter genus have neither
amyloid ornamented spores nor barbed cystidia.
_Illustrations_: LH 103; WD 13¹.
[Illustration: Plate 18. Fleshy fungi: Spores white and borne on gills]
~Clitocybe infundibuliformis~ (Weinm.) Quélet
Common funnel-cap
_Cap_: width 20-60 mm. _Stem_: width 8-13 mm; length 35-75 mm.
_Description_:
Cap: yellowish ochre flushed slightly pinkish buff or cinnamon but
later pale tan on ageing or drying, funnel shaped.
Stem: colour like cap or slightly darker, flexible but firm and solid.
Gills: white or faintly flushed buff, decurrent and crowded.
Flesh: with pleasant slightly floral smell, white, soft and fairly
thin.
Spore-print: white.
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