_General Information_: This fungus is easily recognised by the slender habit, reddish juice exuded when broken and habitat preferences. _Mycena haematopus_ (Fries) Kummer is larger and grows in tufts on wood, but also has a red-brown juice which, however, spots the gills. Another very common species of Mycena is _M. galopus_ (Fries) Kummer which has a greyish or brownish cap and exudes a milk-like juice. The related _M. leucogala_ (Cooke) Saccardo is almost black (see p. 216). These agarics exuding juice when broken have a flesh composed of filaments, a very different flesh-structure to species of _Lactarius_ (see p. 50) and although their spores are amyloid they do not turn blue-black in iodine because of the presence of amyloid crests and warts. There are few additional species of agaric which exude a milk-like liquid, but the majority of these are tropical or subtropical. The second names or epithets for the four species mentioned above all refer to the ‘latex’--sanguinolenta--bleeding, _haematopus_ blood-foot; _galopus_, milk-foot and _leucogala_, white milk. For notes on Mycena one is referred to p. 68 describing _M. galericulata_ (Fries) S. F. Gray. _Illustrations_: WD 28⁴. [Illustration: Plate 23. Fleshy, milking fungi: Spores white and borne on gills] ~Collybia maculata~ (Fries) Kummer Spotted tough-shank _Cap_: width 80-130 mm. _Stem_: width 5-20 mm; length 50-158 mm. _Description_: Cap: white but soon becoming spotted with reddish-brown, finally cream-colour with red-brown blotches, convex then becoming flattened, fleshy, firm and tough. Stem: white becoming streaked red-brown, thickest in the middle, longitudinally furrowed or striate and often narrowed downwards into a long irregular root embedded in the deep litter. Gills: very crowded, cream-coloured, becoming spotted red-brown with age. Flesh: with pleasant smell, white and fibrous in the stem. Spore-print: pinkish cream-colour. Spores: small, almost spherical, hyaline under the microscope, about 5 µm in diameter (4-5 × 5 µm) and not blueing when placed in solutions containing iodine. Marginal and facial cystidia: absent. _Habitat_ & _Distribution_: Common in troops in woods, particularly beech but also found in pine woods and on heaths. _General Information_: Easily recognised by the crowded, narrow, cream coloured gills and the cap being entirely white when young, but which rapidly becomes spotted red-brown as it develops. ‘Maculatus’ means spotted and refers to the red-brown blotches which develop irregularly on the cap, stem and gills as the fruit-body matures.