Sic et liber utilis
Tibi delectabilis
Et non cesses volvere
Hanc in tuo pectore."
In the Netherlands, which mostly at this time lay within the boundary of
Lotharingia or Lorraine, the style of illumination was much the same as
in other German districts. Gospel-books and Psalters, however, exhibit
features somewhat akin to English work.
In the eleventh and twelfth centuries the continental methods prevail in
more solid painting and less penwork.
Of the twelfth-century work of Germany examples are exceedingly
numerous, stretching over every province from West to East, as
Westphalia, the Palatinate, Burgundy, Switzerland and Bavaria, extending
even into Bohemia. An Evangeliary in the University Library at Prag
agrees altogether with those of Germany.
Towards the middle of the twelfth century, with the accession of the
House of Hohenstaufen (1138, etc.), arose a new style, since called
Romanesque, of which many examples are to be found in various libraries.
It is not very easy to select the most typical examples, but one good
and typical MS. is found in a Gospel-book at Carlsruhe, which contains
some capital miniatures of this most thoroughly German style.
Under Frederick Barbarossa, as under the Caroling Emperors and the
Othos, we may note a wave of new life, especially in Saxony. A contrast
as regards artistic ability to the "Hortus Deliciarum" is the
Gospel-book executed for Henry the Lion at the convent of Helmershausen,
once in the Cathedral Library at Prag, and bought by King George of
Hanover.[29] In the page of the Eusebian Canons we see features which
take us across the plains of Lombardy to the doors of S. Michele of
Pavia, and to the churches of Venice. The columns rest on crouching
animals. Allegorical figures are introduced striving with each other as
in the later Gothic illuminations. A half-nude figure of Faith
vanquishes the champion of Paganism. On the dedication page sits the
Madonna with SS. John Baptist and Bartholomew, and below them the patron
saints of Brunswick, Blaize, and Egidius leading forth the Duke and his
wife, Mathilda. It may indeed be called a splendid book. Among the rest
of the pictures, some of them within richly decorated borders, occurs
the usual representation of the Duke and his Duchess receiving crowns.
The figures are well drawn, even elegant, the draperies good, and the
colouring skilful.
[29] See F. Culemann in _Neue hannov. Zeitung_, 1861, Nos. 22-4.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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