Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The number of Indian slaves in New Hampshire was undoubtedly very
small. During the Pequot War and King Philip’s War, New Hampshire
remained at peace with the Indians, and the statement has been made
that no New Hampshire merchant or captain, during the Indian wars,
kidnapped natives or consciously broke faith with them.[383] The close
connection with Massachusetts, however, made inevitable the existence
of Indian slaves in the former colony,[384] and the Boston newspapers
occasionally mention such slaves as late as approximately 1750.[385]
In the middle group of colonies, the number of Indian slaves was never
large, and, in comparison with that in either the southern or New
England groups, it was conspicuously small. There appear to have been
more of such slaves in New York than in any other colony of the group,
a condition due to its greater trade with the colonies which exported
them. The English colony, furthermore, took over no Indian slaves from
its Dutch predecessor.[386]
The inhabitants of New York, under Dutch or English rule, never waged
any war on the order of those in New England against the Indian tribes.
Nor did the distribution of New England captives affect this colony
to any great extent. A few Indian slaves were introduced from foreign
parts, but the selling and holding of Indians as slaves was never a
general custom.[387] The existence of Indian slaves, however, was
recognized by a decree of the governor and council in 1680.[388] An
Indian slave was sold, July 30, 1687, in Hempstead, Long Island.[389]
The narrative of grievances against Jacob Leisler includes the
following: “The same night, December 23, 1689, an Indian slave,
belonging to Philip French, was dragged to the Fort (New York), and
there imprisoned.”[390] Aaron Schuyler of New York, 1693, gave to each
of his two daughters, in his will, an Indian slave woman.[391] In July,
1703, the governor received a petition regarding an Indian slave.[392]
The will of William Smith, of the manor of St. George, Suffolk County,
April 23, 1704, divided a number of negro and Indian slaves among his
children.[393] In 1715, certain Indians complained that the whites
were enslaving native children entrusted to them for instruction.[394]
In 1724, the Reverend Mr. Jenney reported: “There are a few negro and
Indian slaves in my parish.”[395] On July 3, 1726, the Reverend Mr.
Vesey of New York, in a letter to the Society for the Propagation of
the Gospel in Foreign Parts, stated that in the colony there were
“about one thousand and four hundred Indian and negro slaves,”[396] but
tells nothing about the proportion of each. Colonel Johnson’s letter to
Governor Clinton, January 22, 1750,[397] and William Johnson’s letter
to G. W. Banyar, June 28, 1771,[398] the former relating to Indian
children held as slaves, and the latter mentioning a Pawnee Indian
slave in New York, show the existence of such slaves until a late date.
Occasional mention is found in the newspapers of the time of runaway
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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