He has few habits which bear on the present subject, and of these his active habits of locomotion are far the most important. He has his share of passive habits, for he stands many hours a day, and often sleeps standing, and he does his share in lying down, though Mr. Roger Pocock says he takes no more than four hours’ sleep in this attitude. His rule in lying down is to “lie anyhow,” if one may so describe it, and thus his two passive attitudes of standing and lying, have little or no bearing on the questions before us. His glory is in his gallop, canter, trot and walk. His business is indeed a _going concern_ in more than one sense, perhaps in three. The world is moving fast in its old age, and some men are calculating how long it may take for him to become as nearly extinct as the _quagga_. With the clue given to this inquiry in Chapter VI. we need have little difficulty in tracing the manner in which his locomotive life, ancestral and personal, is engraved on his hairy coat. We shall bear in mind the _primitive direction of his hair_, _hair-streams_, _lines of least resistance_, and the powerful forces of _underlying traction_ of muscles, opposed or divergent. It is, of course, most convenient to examine a specimen with a fine, short coat rather than one with its wild and more shaggy hair remaining. The two regions where the play of great forces comes most powerfully into action during locomotion are round about the elbow-joint (which we should be disposed to call the shoulder) and the hip-joint, in which regions the range of extension and flexion, as well as the number of muscles engaged, is much greater than at any other part of the limbs. It is in the neighbourhood of these two regions that the most characteristic of all the patterns of hair are found, and the names given to the patterns (whorls, featherings and crests) in these critical areas are _Pectoral_ (Fig. 30) and _Inguinal_ (see Fig. 31) with a third (G, H, I, Fig. 31) which is called _Axillary_, and is not constantly present. The main muscles involved in Figs. 30, 31 are shown in Fig. 33. The _Frontal_ (Fig. 32) is another of the critical areas, _indirectly_ concerned in locomotion, and will be considered first. [Illustration: Fig. 30.--Front view of horse showing pectoral pattern A, B, C.] The _Frontal_ pattern forms the star on a horse’s forehead, often very noticeable when the hair of it is white. No detailed description is required if the illustration of it in Fig. 32 be studied. It is enough to point out that it lies at or very near the level of the eyes, sometimes a little above and sometimes a little below this, and there is occasionally a double whorl, the second lying above the normal one. [Illustration: Fig. 31.--Side-view of horse showing inguinal whorl, feathering and crest A, B, C, and axillary whorl, feathering and crest, G, H, I.]