Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalistFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalist
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects -- Biology
Let us look at the Sphex at work in flat ground, as is much more
frequently the case. As soon as the burrow is hollowed out, the chase
begins. Let us profit by the absence of the Hymenopteron in search of
game, and take a look at her dwelling. The spot chosen by a Sphex
colony is generally horizontal, though the ground is not so level but
that there are little mounds crowned by a tuft of grass or thrift, or
inequalities consolidated by the slender roots of the vegetation which
covers them. It is on the sides of such furrows that the Sphex places
her den. For two or three inches in depth the gallery is horizontal,
serving as an approach to the hidden shelter for the provender and the
larvæ. In this vestibule the Sphex takes refuge in bad weather, rests
there at night, and occasionally by day for a few instants, showing
only her expressive face and impudent eyes. Beyond the vestibule an
abrupt turn descends more or less obliquely to a depth of two or three
inches more, ending in an oval cell rather larger in diameter, whose
axis lies parallel with the horizontal gallery. The cell walls are not
covered with any particular cement, but in spite of their bareness they
have evidently been the object of most careful labour. The sand is
heaped and levelled on the floor, on the ceiling, and sides, so as to
do away with the risk of landslips, or any roughness which might injure
the delicate skin of the larva. This cell communicates with the passage
by a narrow entrance, just wide enough to allow the Sphex, burdened
with prey, to enter. When this first cell is furnished with an egg and
necessary provisions, the Sphex walls up the entrance, but does not yet
abandon her burrow. A second cell is hollowed beside the first, and
provisioned in the same manner; there is then a third made, and
sometimes a fourth. Only then does the Sphex cast back into the burrow
the rubbish heaped at the entrance, completely effacing all outward
trace of her work. Three cells are usually found in each burrow, rarely
two, and yet more rarely four. As one learns by dissecting the insect,
one may estimate the number of eggs laid at about thirty, which would
make the number of burrows needed ten. Now these are hardly begun
before September, and are finished before the end of the month.
Consequently the Sphex cannot devote more than two or three days at
most to each burrow and its stores. Evidently the active little
creature has not a minute to lose, when in so short a time she has to
hollow out the lair, procure a dozen crickets, sometimes brought from a
distance through endless difficulties, to store them, and finally to
stop up the burrow. Moreover, there are days when wind makes hunting
impossible; rainy days or overcast ones suspending all work. The Sphex
cannot give to her building the enduring solidity that Cerceris
tuberculata gives to its deep galleries. This species transmit their
solid abodes from one generation to another, each year hollowed more
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