Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalistFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalist
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects -- Biology
It is easy enough to find living crickets; one has only to lift the
first stone, and you find them, crouched and sheltering from the sun.
These are the young ones of the current year, with only rudimentary
wings, and which, not having the industry of the perfect insect, do not
yet know how to dig deep retreats where they would be beyond the
investigations of the Sphex. In a few moments I find as many crickets
as I could wish, and all my preparations are made. I ascend to the top
of my observatory, establish myself on the flat ground in the midst of
the Sphex colony and wait.
A huntress comes, conveys her cricket to the mouth of her hole and goes
down alone. The cricket is speedily replaced by one of mine, but placed
at some distance from the hole. The Sphex returns, looks round, and
hurries to seize her too distant prey. I am all attention. Nothing on
earth would induce me to give up my part in the drama which I am about
to witness. The frightened cricket springs away. The Sphex follows
closely, reaches it, darts upon it. Then there is a struggle in the
dust when sometimes conqueror, sometimes conquered is uppermost or
undermost. Success, equal for a moment, finally crowns the aggressor.
In spite of vigorous kicks, in spite of bites from its pincer-like
jaws, the cricket is felled and stretched on its back.
The murderess soon makes her arrangements. She places herself body to
body with her adversary, but in a reverse position, seizes one of the
bands at the end of the cricket’s abdomen and masters with her forefeet
the convulsive efforts of its great hind-thighs. At the same moment her
intermediate feet squeeze the panting sides of the vanquished cricket,
and her hind ones press like two levers on its face, causing the
articulation of the neck to gape open. The Sphex then curves her
abdomen vertically, so as to offer a convex surface impossible for the
mandibles of the cricket to seize, and one beholds, not without
emotion, the poisoned lancet plunge once into the victim’s neck, next
into the jointing of the two front segments of the thorax, and then
again towards the abdomen. In less time than it takes to tell, the
murder is committed, and the Sphex, after setting her disordered
toilette to rights, prepares to carry off her victim, its limbs still
quivering in the death-throes. Let us reflect a moment on the admirable
tactics of which I have given a faint sketch. The Cerceris attacks a
passive adversary, incapable of flight, whose sole chance of safety is
found in a solid cuirass whose weak points the murderers know. But here
what a difference! The prey is armed with redoubtable mandibles,
capable of disembowelling the aggressor if they can seize her, and a
pair of strong feet, actual clubs, furnished with a double row of sharp
spines, which can be used alternatively to enable the cricket to bound
far away from an enemy or to overturn one by brutal kicks. Accordingly,
note what precautions on the part of the Sphex before using her dart.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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