When we reached Washington I could see the three great steel towers at
Arlington looming up as high, it seemed to me, as the Washington
Monument itself. On reaching the Arlington station which sets on the
crest of a hill in a corner of the Fort Myer Reservation, the towers did
not look so high, nor were they, for the tallest one was about 600 feet
and the two shorter ones were 450 feet high. These three towers formed a
triangle, the distance between the two shorter ones being 350 feet, and
450 feet between the taller and shorter ones. These towers, which were
complete and ready for the aerials, rested on concrete buses and were
insulated from the ground by slabs of marble. There are three buildings
and these were also ready for the installation.
Now while the machinery and apparatus were being moved into the
buildings and set in place a force of men was put to work on assembling
the aerials and swinging them between the tops of the towers. These
aerials are known as T, or flat-top aerials and right here I want to
tell you how and why this type of aerial came to be.
In the early days Marconi, and those who followed him, thought that a
high vertical wire, that is, one sticking straight up in the air, was
all that was needed to get distance. On ships the masts are never very
high and so the late Lieutenant Hudgens of the U. S. Navy tried
stringing the wires of the aerial down to the bow and stern of the
battleship _Kearsarge_ to give the wires a greater length. This sloping
aerial gave so much better results than the straight, or vertical aerial
that he then suspended the wires _between_ the top of the masts of the
ship and, lo-and-behold, it worked even better than before and thus it
was that the T, or flat-top aerial came to be.
To get the best results the aerials of two stations communicating with
each other should both be vertical or flat-top, that is, a vertical wire
will not receive from a flat-top nearly as well as from another one that
is vertical and this is just as true the other way about. As all ships
are fitted with flat-top aerials and as the Eiffel Tower aerial is
neither the one kind nor the other but a sloping aerial and hence would
receive from a flat-top as well as from a vertical aerial the Navy
Department decided to use the T or flat-top aerial on the Arlington
station.
We assembled, tested and put up the three flat-top aerials between the
towers and connected them together so that in effect a single long
aerial was formed. Porcelain insulators of the kind on which high
tension power transmission lines are carried are used to insulate the
aerials from the towers. The leading-in cable runs from the aerials to
which it is connected down to the operating room through a copper tube
set in a glass window.
The ground is formed of copper wires buried deeply in the earth and
radiating in every direction from the station. This network of wires
extends over, I should say, ten acres, and this, of course, makes a very
good ground.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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