Korean Buddhism: History—Condition—ArtStarr, Frederick
Religion
Korean Buddhism: History—Condition—Art
Starr, Frederick
Art -- Korea; Buddhism -- Korea; Buddhist art
At this the four pilgrims were very rejoiced to see the tortoise. He
took them and the horse all on his back and swam across to the other
side. As they neared the Eastern shore and it was getting dark, the
tortoise said, ‘Master, when you went West I asked you to inquire of
Buddha for me how I might return to my former state, and when I might
get a human body. Did you remember to ask?’ But the master had been so
absorbed in his own affairs that he had completely forgotten the
tortoise and his request and so he had nothing to say. The tortoise,
finding that he had been forgotten, turned a somersault, and threw all
and everything into the river. Happily the mortal body of the master
had been exchanged for an immortal one, and therefore he was safe in
the water. The pig and the monkey, the boy and the horse, were also at
home in the water, but the books were all soaked.”
[Illustration: PLATE XXXI
Painting of the Seven Stars: Sukwang-sa
[Page 92]]
The old allegory took a strong hold upon Eastern Asia and there must
have been hundreds of pictures painted in the course of time
representing its incidents.
As an example of the wall-paintings on plaster we may study a group of
paintings, each representing an individual being, from one of the main
temples at Sukwang-sa. None of these figures is haphazard, or without
significance. Each would be recognized by the well-informed Buddhist.
(Plate XXIII.)
Fifth are the idols or images. In the Buddhism taught by Sakya there was
no room for them. The Great Teacher recognized no gods, and his
followers should have no representations of deities. In Amida Buddhism,
however, there are many gods, and a multitude of figures. The Buddhas,
themselves are all represented among them including Sakya. When we
examine the figures worshipped in Buddhist temples we find three groups,
(a) Buddhas, (b) Bodhisattvas, (c) Arhats or Rakan. Sakya was not the
first Buddha; in fact he was the twenty-fourth or twenty-fifth in the
line of those who attained enlightenment and gained _Nirvana_. The
Indians reckoned time in long periods or _kalpas_; most of the Buddhas
were in former _kalpas_, but even in the present _kalpa_, in which we
live, Buddha had three predecessors; and before our _kalpa_ ends a
successor will appear, Maitreya, or Miroku, the coming Buddha.[9]
The two Buddhas most commonly represented by figures in Korean Buddhism
are Sakya and Amida. Miroku, too, is frequently to be seen, but Miroku
is not yet a Buddha but only Bodhisattva.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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