Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation: Reprinted from Green's Philosophical Works, vol. II., with Preface by Bernard BosanquetGreen, Thomas Hill
Philosophy
Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation: Reprinted from Green's Philosophical Works, vol. II., with Preface by Bernard Bosanquet
Green, Thomas Hill
Liberty; Natural law; Political obligation
Conversely, everyone capable of being determined by the conception of
a common good as his own ideal good, as that which unconditionally
should be (of being in that sense an end to himself), in other
words, every moral person, is capable of rights; i.e. of bearing
his part in a society in which the free exercise of his powers is
secured to each member through the recognition by each of the others
as entitled to the same freedom with himself. To say that he is
capable of rights, is to say that he ought to have them, in that
sense of 'ought' in which it expresses the relation of man to an
end conceived as absolutely good, to an end which, whether desired
or no, is conceived as intrinsically desirable. The moral capacity
implies a consciousness on the part of the subject of the capacity
that its realisation is an end desirable in itself, and rights are
the condition of realising it. Only through the possession of rights
can the power of the individual freely to make a common good his own
have reality given to it. Rights are what may be called the negative
realisation of this power. That is, they realise it in the sense of
providing for its free exercise, of securing the treatment of one
man by another as equally free with himself, but they do not realise
it positively, because their possession does not imply that in any
active way the individual makes a common good his own. The possession
of them, however, is the condition of this positive realisation of
the moral capacity, and they ought to be possessed because this end
(in the sense explained) ought to be attained.
26. Hence on the part of every person ('person' in the moral sense
explained) the claim, more or less articulate and reflected on, to
rights on his own part is co-ordinate with his recognition of rights
on the part of others. The capacity to conceive a common good as
one's own, and to regulate the exercise of one's powers by reference
to a good which others recognise, carries with it the consciousness
that powers should be so exercised; which means that there should be
rights, that powers should be regulated by mutual recognition. There
ought to be rights, because the moral personality,--the capacity on
the part of an individual for making a common good his own,--ought
to be developed; and it is developed through rights; i.e. through
the recognition by members of a society of powers in each other
contributory to a common good, and the regulation of those powers by
that recognition.
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