There is abundant evidence pointing to the existence in Britain during the Jurassic period, and in the early days of the Cretaceous epoch, of Araucarian trees which differed but slightly from the modern species confined to the southern hemisphere. In several localities in France, Germany, and other parts of the continent, Araucarian fossils have been recognised in Jurassic rocks. It is almost certain that some foliage shoots and imperfectly preserved cones described by Dr Nathorst from Upper Jurassic rocks in Spitzbergen were borne by a species of Araucaria. Cone-scales very similar to those from Yorkshire have been discovered in Wealden beds in Cape Colony, and Araucarian wood of Jurassic and Cretaceous age has been found in Madagascar. From Jurassic strata in India and Victoria (Australia), as well as from Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks in Virginia and elsewhere in the eastern United States, well preserved Araucarian fossils are recorded. In a collection of Jurassic plants, obtained a few years ago by the members of a Swedish Antarctic Expedition in Graham's Land, Dr Nathorst has recognised some cone-scales of Araucaria, which demonstrate a former extension of the family beyond the southern limits of South America. It is interesting to find that when we ascend higher in the geological series and pass beyond the Wealden strata to the Middle and Upper sub-divisions of the Cretaceous period, evidence of the wide geographical distribution of the Araucarieae is still abundant. Araucarian wood has been obtained in rocks classed as Upper Cretaceous in Egypt, in East Africa, in Dakota, and elsewhere. In the sedimentary rocks of the Tertiary period undoubted examples of Araucaria are less common, though there can be no doubt that the genus was much more widely spread then than it is at the present day. The well-known Tertiary plant-beds of Bournemouth have afforded specimens of foliage shoots which have been described as a species of Araucaria, though in the absence of well-preserved cones or petrified wood we must admit that the data are inconclusive. It is, however, legitimate to regard the striking similarity of the Bournemouth twigs to those of _Araucaria excelsa_ and _A. Cookii_ as constituting a fairly strong case in favour of the persistence of Araucaria in Western Europe up to the earlier stage of the Tertiary period. Araucarian wood of Tertiary age is recorded from India, while branches with broad leaves like those of _Araucaria imbricata_ have been found in Seymour Island and the Magellan Straits, and specimens of Tertiary wood are described from Patagonia. At the other end of the world. Tertiary rocks on the west coast of Greenland have yielded fragments which may be referred with some hesitation to the genus Araucaria.