Little Masterpieces of Science: Health and Healing
History
Little Masterpieces of Science: Health and Healing
Medicine -- History
A short account of the experience of a few life-assurance companies will
conclude this part of my subject. Mr. Thoms tells us that down to 1872
the records of the companies showed that one death among the assured had
occurred at one hundred and three, one in the one hundredth, and three
in the ninety-ninth year. The experience of the National Debt Office,
according to the same authority, gave two cases in which the evidence
could be regarded as perfect; one of these died in the one hundred and
second year, and the other had just completed that number. In the tables
published by the Institute of Actuaries, and giving the mortality
experience down to 1863 of twenty life-assurance companies, the highest
age at death is recorded as ninety-nine; and I am informed by the
secretary of the Edinburgh Life Office that from 1863 onward that age
had not been exceeded in his experience. In the valuation schedules,
which show the highest ages of existing lives in various offices, the
ages range from ninety-two to ninety-five. It is true that one office
which has a large business among the industrial classes reports lives at
one hundred and three, and in one instance at one hundred and seven; but
it must be remembered that among those classes the ages are not nearly
so well authenticated as among those who assure for substantial sums.
There is, moreover, another source of error connected with the valuation
schedules. When a given life is not considered to be equal to the
average, a certain number of years is added to the age, and the premium
is charged at the age which results from this addition. It follows,
therefore, that in some cases the age given in the schedules are greater
by some years than they really are.
Taking into consideration the facts thus rapidly passed under review, it
must, I think, be admitted that the natural limit of human existence is
that assigned to it in the book of Ecclesiasticus, "The number of a
man's days at the most are an hundred years" (chapter xviii. 9). In a
very small number of cases this limit is exceeded, but only by a very
few years. Mr. Thoms's investigations conclusively show that trustworthy
evidence of one hundred and ten years having been reached is altogether
absent. Future generations will be able to verify or reject statements
in all alleged cases of longevity. It must be remembered that previous
to the year 1836 there was no registration of births, but only of
baptisms, and that the registers were kept in the churches, and
contained only the names of those therein baptized.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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