Londinium, Architecture and the CraftsLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
History
Londinium, Architecture and the Crafts
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
England -- Antiquities, Roman; London (England) -- Antiquities, Roman; Romans -- England -- London
_Mithras, etc._—At the London Museum is a Mithraic relief, rough and
small, but a valuable document. In the centre is Mithras and the bull,
surrounded by the circle of the Zodiac. “Outside in one upper corner the
Sun drives up his four-horse chariot, and in the other the Moon is
driving her car downwards. Beneath are two winged heads, probably
symbolising the Winds” (Haverfield). These heads are very well carved
and quite pretty; so are the Zodiac signs. This is one of many cases of
the similarity of monuments in London and at Trèves. On the celebrated
Igel monument is found another Zodiac, the signs of which (so far as
they exist) are practically identical with those on our stone. In the
spandrels are “heads of wind-gods, emblematic of the four cardinal
points.” These heads are winged like those on the London stone, and the
comparison allows us to be sure of the interpretation of the latter: the
rising Sun is East, the setting Moon is West, the bearded head is North,
and the youthful one South.
A small figure found in Bevis Marks, and now in the British Museum, is
usually identified as Atys. I have some doubt whether it was not rather
Silvanus; but it may be a grave monument, and for such a purpose a
figure of Atys would be appropriate. A small figure of Hercules at the
Guildhall was also probably, as before said, a tomb sculpture.
In the London Museum is another small sculpture, this time in relief, of
a figure seemingly in countryman’s costume, standing in a roughly-formed
niche or rock recess. By his side is some implement like a yoke, but I
cannot suggest any explanation. It has “character,” and I should like to
know what it means. It was found in Drury Lane.
[Illustration:
FIG. 81.
]
Bagford, in his letter to Hearne (1714), mentions a Janus head dug up at
St. Thomas Watering on the Dover Road by Bermondsey, also a glass urn at
Peckham, and several other Roman things at Blackheath. The Janus head
was about a foot and a half high, and seemed to have been fixed to a
square column or terminus. It was illustrated by Horsley. One of the two
faces was Jupiter Ammon with ram’s horns, the other was female.
I cannot here do more than mention the dozens of small bronzes, some of
high excellence, which have been found in London; doubtless most or all
of these were imported. Mr. Chaffers saw a beautiful bronze of an archer
with inlaid eyes of silver taken out of the mud in Queen Street,
Cheapside, in 1842. A pretty bronze relief of Hope was found in Thames
Street in 1840 (_V.C.H._). I must just refer to a delightful little
bronze Genius, found at Brandon, and now in the British Museum, which
holds a double horn of plenty. This, again, is probably a locality
genius. Many of the small clay lamps found in London have pretty reliefs
on them, such as a figure of Victory, a head of Luna (Fig. 81), a bird,
or an animal. Altogether we have quite a large gallery of classical
imagery of our own.
[Illustration:
FIG. 82.
]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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