The first symptom of the plague appears to have been, as a rule, a violent shivering or rigor, lasting from half an hour to four or five hours. This was followed or accompanied by vomiting. Upon this delirium quickly supervened, and if not restrained the infected would run “wildly about the streets.” Vertigo, headache, and coma were also common. The signs of fever were strongly marked, such as “extreme inquietude, a most intense heat outwardly, attended by unquenchable thirst within, dryness, blackness of the tongue, intolerable heat of the præcordia, and all other usual concomitants of a fever’s accession.” In many cases there seem to have been well-marked exacerbations and remissions, but this was not constantly observed. Insomnia was occasionally troublesome, and palpitation of the heart appears to have been often strongly marked. Sweating was a common feature, and seems often to have been “critical,” the plague subsiding at once by crisis. Pustules upon the skin, varying in size from a pea to a nutmeg, and called blains, as well as buboes affecting the lymphatic glands, were among the ordinary symptoms. Further, in addition to these, carbuncles seem to have been very usual, and also a petechial eruption; and, further, Hodges describes (in addition to the foregoing pustules, buboes, carbuncles, and petechiæ) certain prominent spots with pyramidal heads, which were called “plague tokens” by the vulgar. The treatment adopted was very far from being of the so-called “expectant” form which is now so much followed in the management of patients suffering from infective disorders. They were put to bed between the blankets, and the patient was addressed by his physician “with cheerfulness.” Hodges seems to have discouraged phlebotomy, but he states that many “let blood largely.” If the patient did not vomit he was given an emetic, and this in many cases was followed by an expulsive cathartic. In all cases were strong diaphoretics administered, and sweating was encouraged to the utmost. A marvellous assortment of drugs was poured into the patient. Those used by Hodges were mostly fresh indigenous herbs, and he mentions angelica, rue, sage, veronica, centaury, scabious, pimpernel, marygold, scorzonera, ivy berries, balm, valerian, garlic, gentian, elder berries, juniper berries, and dozens of others; but he speaks scornfully of the Oriental bezoar, powdered unicorn’s horn, and powder of toads, which many thought very efficacious. “To all who sweat,” he says, “change of clothes is to be denied, for the patient takes harm by clean coverings, not so much from any prejudicial quality of the soap abounding in them, as from a dampness which is inseparable from them, and the approach of air which is unavoidable in the shifting, both of which will check the sweating.” Sleep was industriously kept off, although sometimes, through sheer weariness, the patient would drop into a doze. The diet