In July, 1199, Pope Innocent III issued a breve, occasioned by the report that parts of the Bible were found in French translation in the diocese of Metz. The breve praises in a general way the zeal for Bible-study, but applies to all who are not officially appointed to engage in such study the prohibition in Ex. 19, 12. 13, not to touch the holy mountain of the Law. During the reign of his successor, Honorius III, in 1220, laymen in Germany were forbidden to read the Bible. Under Gregory IX the same prohibition was issued, in 1229, to laymen in Great Britain. In the same year the crusades against the Albigenses were concluded, and the Council of Toulouse issued a severe order, making it a grave offense for a layman to possess a Bible. In 1234, the Synod of Tarragona demanded the immediate surrender of all translations of the Bible for the purpose of having them burned. In 1246, the Synod of Baziers issued a prohibition forbidding laymen to possess any theological books whatsoever, and even enjoining the clergy from owning any theological books written in the vernacular. Eleven years after Luther's death, in 1557, Pope Paul IV published the Roman Index of Forbidden Books, and, with certain exceptions, prohibited laymen from reading the Bible. Not until the reign of King Edward VI was the "Act inhibiting the reading of the Old and New Testament in English tongue, and the printing, selling, giving, or delivering of any such other books or writings as are therein mentioned and condemned" (namely, in 34 Hen. VIII. Cap. 1) abrogated. The Council of Trent ordered all Catholic publishers to see to it that their editions have the approval of the respective bishop. Not until February 28, 1759, did Pope Clement XIII give permission to translate the Bible _into all the languages of the Catholic states_. Not until November 17, 1893, did Pope Leo XIII issue an encyclical enjoining upon Catholics the study of the Bible, always, however, _in editions approved by the Roman Church_. (Kurtz, _Kirchengesch_. II, 2, 94. 217; _Univers. Encycl_., under title "Bible"; Peter Heylyn, _Ecclesia Restaurata_ I, 99; Denzinger, _Enchiridion,_ 1429. 1439. 1567. 1607.)