Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
Franklin gave way to a little pleasant humor when, in 1748, he proposed
to wind up the "electrical season" by a banquet à la Lucullus, to be
given to a few of his friends and fellow-workers, not in a sumptuously
decorated hall, but _al fresco_, on the banks of the Schuylkill. "A
turkey is to be killed for our dinner by the electrical shock," he
wrote, "and roasted by the electrical jack before a fire kindled by the
electrical bottle, when the healths of all the famous electricians in
England, Holland, France and Germany are to be drunk in electrified
bumpers under the discharge of guns fired from the electrical battery."
It is hardly to be supposed that such an elaborate program was carried
out. Indeed the difficulty of preparing the apparatus and getting it
ready for action on the banks of a river were formidable enough to say
the least. Franklin, however, had a Leyden battery capable of doing
considerable electrocution, for with two jars of six gallons capacity
each, he knocked six men to the ground; the same two jars sufficed to
kill a hen outright, whereas it required five, he tells us, to kill a
turkey weighing ten pounds.
The "electrical bumper" was a wine-glass containing an allowance, let us
say, of some favorite brand and charged in the usual way. On approaching
the lips the two coatings would be brought within striking-distance and
a spark would take place, if not to the delight of the performer, at
least to the amusement of the on-lookers. It was subsequently remarked
that guests whose upper lip was adorned with a moustache could quaff the
nectar with impunity, as every bristle would play the part of a filiform
lightning-rod and prevent the apprehended, disruptive discharge!
Not quite so humorous was his suggestion of a hammock to be used by
timid people during an electric storm: "A hammock or swinging-bed,
suspended by silk cords equally distant from the walls on every side,
and from the ceiling and floor above and below, affords the safest
situation a person can have in any room whatever; and which, indeed, may
be deemed quite free from danger of any stroke of lightning." (1767.)
In his experiments on puncturing bodies by the spark-discharge, Franklin
does not fail to notice the double burr produced when paper is used.[9]
His words are:
"When a hole is struck through pasteboard by the electrified jar, if the
surfaces of the pasteboard are not confined or compressed, there will be
a bur raised all round the hole on both sides the pasteboard, for the
bur round the outside of the hole is the effect of the explosion every
way from the centre of the stream and not an effect of direction."
(1753.) The spelling is Franklin's _unreformed_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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