Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
Dr. Wilson, being a man of influence, succeeded in having his views
taken up by the Board of Ordnance. It has been remarked that this
controversy would never have attracted attention but for the fact that
the discoverer of the effect of points was Franklin. He was an American
and the dispute with the colonies was then at its height. The war of the
Revolution had begun, and the British forces had already met with
serious reverses. No patriot could, therefore, admit any good in points.
George III. took sides, decreed that the points on the royal conductors
at Kew should be covered with balls, and ordered Sir John Pringle to
support Dr. Wilson. Sir John gave the dignified answer: "Sire, I cannot
reverse the laws and operations of nature"; to which the King, incensed
that so incompetent a man should hold such an important office, replied:
"Then, Sir John, perhaps you had better resign," which Sir John did.
A wit of the time put the matter epigrammatically when he wrote:
"While you, great George, for knowledge hunt
And sharp conductors change to blunt,
The nation's out of joint;
Franklin a wiser course pursues,
And all your thunder useless views
By keeping to the point."
It was in connection with this heated controversy that Franklin wrote
the following admirable words:
"I have never entered into any controversy in defence of my
philosophical opinions. I leave them to take their chance in the world.
If they are _right_, truth and experience will support them; if _wrong_,
they ought to be refuted and rejected. The King's changing his _pointed_
conductors for _blunt_ ones is, therefore, a matter of small importance
to me."
It was not until September, 1752, that Franklin raised a rod over his
own house. This experimental conductor was made of iron fitted with a
sharp steel point and rising seven or eight feet above the roof, the
other end being buried five feet in the ground. In order to avoid
useless personal displacement, Franklin, the economist of time, made an
automatic annunciator similar to that devised by Gordon in 1745, and
described by Watson in his _Sequel_, 1746, to apprize him of the advent
of a good thunder-gust. Instead of making the rod of one continuous
length, it was divided on the staircase, opposite his chamber door, the
ends being drawn apart to a horizontal distance of a few inches.
Screwing a pair of tiny gongs to the ends, he suspended between them a
brass ball, held by a silk thread, to act as clapper. Whenever a
thundercloud came hovering by, the bells began to ring, thereby
summoning the philosopher to his "laboratory" on the staircase.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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