Materialism; Mind and body; Physiology -- Early works to 1800
That is certainly the most that can be said in favor of the
existence of God: although the last argument is frivolous in that
these conversions are short, and the mind almost always regains its
former opinions and acts accordingly, as soon as it has regained or
rather rediscovered its strength in that of the body. That is, at
least, much more than was said by the physician Diderot,{51} in his
"Pensées Philosophiques," a sublime work that will not convince a
single atheist. What reply can, in truth, be made to a man who says,
"We do not know nature; causes hidden in her breast might have produced
everything. In your turn, observe the polyp of Trembley:{52} does it
not contain in itself the causes which bring about regeneration? Why
then would it be absurd to think that there are physical causes by
reason of which everything has been made, and to which the whole chain
of this vast universe is so necessarily bound and held that nothing
which happens, could have failed to happen,{53}--causes, of which we
are so invincibly ignorant that we have had recourse to a God, who, as
some aver, is not so much as a logical entity? Thus to destroy chance
is not to prove the existence of a supreme being, since there may be
some other thing which is neither chance nor God--I mean, nature. It
follows that the study of nature can make only unbelievers; and the
way of thinking of all its more successful investigators proves this."
The weight of the universe therefore far from crushing a real atheist
does not even shake him. All these evidences of a creator, repeated
thousands and thousands of times, evidences that are placed far above
the comprehension of men like us, are self-evident (however far one
push the argument) only to the anti-Pyrrhonians,{54} or to those who
have enough confidence in their reason to believe themselves capable of
judging on the basis of certain phenomena, against which, as you see,
the atheists can urge others perhaps equally strong and absolutely
opposed. For if we listen to the naturalists again, they will tell
us that the very causes which, in a chemist's hands, by a chance
combination, made the first mirror, in the hands of nature made the
pure water, the mirror of the simple shepherdess; that the motion which
keeps the world going could have created it, that each body has taken
the place assigned to it by its own nature, that the air must have
surrounded the earth, and that iron and the other metals are produced
by internal motions of the earth, for one and the same reason; that
the sun is as much a natural product as electricity, that it was not
made to warm the earth and its inhabitants, whom it sometimes burns,
any more than the rain was made to make the seeds grow, which it often
spoils; that the mirror and the water were no more made for people to
see themselves in, than were all other polished bodies with this same
property; that the eye is in truth a kind of glass in which the soul
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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