The _treatment_ consists in preventing the patient making the particular movements which tend to produce the dislocation. These are chiefly movements of hyper-abduction and overhead movements; we have found an apparatus consisting of a belt applied around the thorax, and fixed to another around the upper arm by a band which passes above the axillary fold of the dress, useful in restraining these movements. If these measures fail, it may be advisable to have recourse to operation; this may consist in tightening up the capsule, the results of which are said to be uncertain, or in detaching a portion of the deltoid or subscapularis muscle and stitching it beneath the joint to cover and strengthen the weakened portion of the capsule. It is suggestive that in performing this operation no rent in the capsule is discovered. The condition is also met with in epileptics; and it is generally found that the head of the bone is deficient, as a result either of fracture or disease; that the muscles which naturally support the joint are atrophied or torn; and that the capsule is unduly lax. #Sprain# of the shoulder-joint is comparatively rare, because of the wide range of movement of which it is capable. The region of the shoulder becomes swollen and tender to pressure, the point of maximum tenderness being over the front of the joint, just below the acromion process; pain is elicited also when the ligaments or tendons are put upon the stretch. #Contusion# of the region of the shoulder, on the other hand, is exceedingly common. In most cases it is merely the deltoid muscle and the subcutaneous tissue over it that are bruised, but sometimes a hæmatoma forms either in the muscle or in the sub-deltoid bursa. There is pain on moving the limb, and the patient may be unable to abduct the arm at the shoulder-joint. Under treatment by massage and movement, the symptoms usually pass off completely in two or three weeks. The affections of the _bursa_ are described elsewhere. In other cases, the cords of the brachial plexus above the clavicle are stretched, or the axillary nerve is bruised, and these injuries are liable to be followed by prolonged pain, loss of abduction, and stiffness in the arm. The deltoid frequently undergoes considerable atrophy, and there is severe neuralgic pain in the axillary nerve, especially marked in the region of the insertion of the deltoid. In addition to maintaining the limb in the abducted position, it is necessary to keep up the nutrition of the muscles by massage and electricity. FRACTURE OF THE SCAPULA Fractures of the scapula may implicate the body, the surgical neck, the acromion, or the coracoid process. They are rarely compound.