G Geiger counter, 98 Geiger-Mueller tubes, 87, 91 George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 13, 17 Goldstone Tracking Station, 64, 67, 69, 75, 84, 107 Echo site, 68, 69, 71, 73 Pioneer site, 56, 68, 70 Venus site, 69, 70, 108, 109 Guidance, 13 H High-energy radiation experiments, 90, 91 I Infrared radiometer experiment cloud observations, 103, 105, 106 description, 93 dimensions, 93 operating characteristics, 85, 93 Interplanetary magnetic field, 13, 99 Interplanetary space cosmic dust density, 110 distribution, 95 hazards to spacecraft, 13 Ion chamber, 98 J Johannesburg tracking station, 67, 68 equipment, 68, 73 functions, 68, 73 JPL, 2, 8, 13, 75, 76, 80, 82, 84 accomplishments, 18, 19 background, 18 DSIF control point, 67, 68 pre-Mariner spacecraft, 23 Jupiter, contrast to Venus, 101 Jupiter C, 19 L Launch Operations Center, 12, 17 Launching, 56 Atlas performance, 52, 53 Atlas-Agena B, 52 battery, 52 gyroscopes, 53 radio guidance system, 52 time limitations, 12 M Magnetometer experiment, 35, 88 data, 101, 102 description, 91 function, 91 objectives, 100 onboard location, 91 Mariner I, 43-45 Mariner R, 41 Masers, 70 Materials, thermal shielding, 33 Microwave radiometer experiment description, 91 function, 91 measurements, 103, 105 operating characteristics, 85, 92-93 Midcourse maneuver, 32, 58-59, 60, 65 Mission achievements, records, 65 Mobile tracking station, 68, 80 location, equipment and function, 73 MX-774 Project, 21 N NACA, precursor of NASA, 16 NASA, 8, 16, 17 P Parking orbit, 55 Pioneer III, 19 Pioneer IV, 19 Pioneer project, 69 Pioneer tracking site, 70, 71 Power system, 25 Private A, 18 Propellants Atlas D, 38 attitude control system, 32 spacecraft, controlled burning, 32 rocket thrust system, 32 Propulsion system, Mariner spacecraft, hydrazine propellant, 33 propellant storage, 32, 38 weight, 25 R Radiation, 98-100 Ranger III, 8 Receivers, 66 Records, Mariner attitude control system, 65 measurements near Sun, 65 operation near Venus telemetry measurements, distance, 65 trajectory correction maneuver, 65 transmission, continuous performance, 65