Welhope Brocks. _Grain_, Icelandic _grein_, is a division, a branch, as the grain of a fork; Danish _green_, a branch, a bough. Generally the branches at the head of a burn are distinguished by north and south, and east and west grains; and sometimes by name, as Sally Grain in Burnhope, and Jopla Grains in Bolihope. "East Graine under Craggs" is in Bolihope. At Harthope Head there are the east and west grains, which meet and form the burn. In addition to the sixteen hopes previously mentioned, from twelve of which flow the principal tributary burns to the Wear, there are some thirty secondary streams, named _burn_, Anglo-Saxon _burne_, a _bourn_, stream, brook, river, and which are distinguished by the names of the hope, or place, from which they flow, or from some other characteristic feature or condition. Sowen Burn, near Stanhope, is a very characteristic specimen, the adjectival component being the Old English _sounen_, sound, the noisy burn, or, rather, the sounding burn. Fine Burn, in Bolihope, is so named owing to the stream being a line of boundary. The words "fine," "confines," "finish," "finis," mark the end, and the above stream is the boundary between the parishes of Stanhope and Wolsingham. The Roman camp, _ad fines_ camps, is situated close to the border-line between England and Scotland. In Rookhope Smails Burn implies the small burns--Anglo-Saxon _smala_, small--two little runners rendered somewhat historic in the days of Border broils, as we find in the old ballad of Rookhope Ryde. In the same district we have Red Burn, and Over Red Burn. _Red_ is from Anglo-Saxon _read_, _rud_; Danish _röd_, red, the red stream; or the Celtic _rhyd_, a ford; whilst _over_ is from the Anglo-Saxon _ofer_, a shore, or _ofer_, over, above or higher--hence High Redburn. Yeky Burn is from Anglo-Saxon _æc_, _eac_, oak, the stream of the oaks. There are two Heathery Burns, one associated with the noted cave at Stanhope. Old spelling hetherie, hetherye, hethery, from heath, Anglo-Saxon _hæth_, Scotch heather. The name _well_ is given to a large number of tiny streams in Weardale. Dutch _wellen_, Anglo-Saxon _wel_, a fountain of water, and in Saxon names of places, _wel_, _wyl_, and _well_ often occur. Kelhope and Welhope are literally the hopes out of which water _wells_. The source of the latter is named Wellheads. At the head of smaller wells there are _springs_, places where water springs out--Anglo-Saxon _springan_--hence we have such names as Spring Wells, Whitewell Spring, White Wells, White Springs.