+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |RECENT Return of the Alpine Mammals to the } PERIOD OF | | PREHISTORIC. Mountains. } RECENT | | Wide dispersal of Forest and Meadow } ANIMALS. | | Mammals over the Northern } | | Hemisphere. | |-------------------------------------------------------- | | |Retreat of the Tundra and Steppe } | | | Mammals to the North and East. } | | | } | |POSTGLACIAL. |Mingling in the lowlands of France } REINDEER | | Severe | and Germany of the Reindeer-Mammoth } PERIOD | | climate. | fauna, the Alpine fauna, the Steppe } IN | | | Mammals, and the hardy Eurasiatic } WESTERN | | | Forest and Meadow Mammals. } EUROPE. | | | } | |IV. GLACIAL. |Arrival of the Tundra Mammals from } | | Cold Steppe | the North. } | | climate. | } | | |Arrival of the Steppe Mammals from } | | | Western Asia. } | | | | | |Southward migration and extinction of } | | | all the African-Asiatic Mammals } | | | except the lions and hyænas. } | | | } | |3d INTERGLACIAL.|Mingled African-Asiatic and Eurasiatic} | | Warm climate. | Mammals in different parts of the } | | | non-glaciated regions, the } PERIOD | | | hippopotamus, southern mammoth, } OF THE | | | straight-tusked elephant, Merck's } HIPPOPOTAMUS,| | | broad-nosed rhinoceros, lion, hyæna,} RHINOCEROS, | | | jackal, sabre-tooth tiger. } AND | |--------------------------- } ELEPHANT. | | Reindeer and } ALSO | | Woolly Mammoth } OF THE | |III. GLACIAL. in North } STAG | | Germany and } AND | | the Alps. } BISON |