Mendel's principles of heredity: A defenceMendel, Gregor
Science
Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence
Mendel, Gregor
Heredity; Hybridization; Mendel's law; Weldon, Walter Frank Raphael. Mendel's laws of alternative inheritance in peas
be taken to be a complete one, in the sense, namely, that the hybrid
embryo is formed from cells of like kind, in which the differences are
_entirely and permanently accommodated_ together, the further result
follows that the hybrids, like any other stable plant species, remain
true to themselves in their offspring. The reproductive cells which are
formed in their seed vessels and anthers are of one kind, and agree
with the fundamental compound cell [fertilised ovum].
[46] In _Pisum_ it is placed beyond doubt that for the formation of
the new embryo a perfect union of the elements of both fertilising
cells must take place. How could we otherwise explain that among
the offspring of the hybrids both original types reappear in equal
numbers and with all their peculiarities? If the influence of the
egg cell upon the pollen cell were only external, if it fulfilled
the _rôle_ of a nurse only, then the result of each artificial
fertilisation could be no other than that the developed hybrid
should exactly resemble the pollen parent, or at any rate do so very
closely. This the experiments so far have in no wise confirmed. An
evident proof of the complete union of the contents of both cells is
afforded by the experience gained on all sides that it is immaterial,
as regards the form of the hybrid, which of the original species is
the seed parent or which the pollen parent.
With regard to those hybrids whose progeny is _variable_ we may perhaps
assume that between the differentiating elements of the egg and pollen
cells there also occurs a compromise, in so far that the formation of a
cell as foundation of the hybrid becomes possible; but, nevertheless,
the arrangement between the conflicting elements is only temporary and
does not endure throughout the life of the hybrid plant. Since in the
habit of the plant no changes are perceptible during the whole period
of vegetation, we must further assume that it is only possible for
the differentiating elements to liberate themselves from the enforced
union when the fertilising cells are developed. In the formation of
these cells all existing elements participate in an entirely free and
equal arrangement, in which it is only the differentiating ones which
mutually separate themselves. In this way the production would be
rendered possible of as many sorts of egg and pollen cells as there are
combinations possible of the formative elements.
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