Besides the ordinary thermometer, there are instruments that answer the questions “How hot was it to-day?” and “How cold was it last night?” These are known, respectively, as the _maximum_ and the _minimum thermometer_. They hang almost horizontally in the screen. The former has a constriction just above the bulb, which prevents the mercury from retreating after it has reached the highest reading for the day. It can be reset by whirling it on a pivot. The minimum thermometer is filled with spirit instead of mercury. A little index inside the column is carried toward the bulb by the surface of the alcohol as the temperature falls. When the temperature rises the index remains behind, marking the lowest point reached. The highest and lowest temperature of the day, as well as the temperature at any moment of the day, can be read from the _thermograph_, or self-registering thermometer. In the commonest type of thermograph changes of temperature alter the curvature of a flexible metal tube filled with spirit, and the movements of the free end of the tube are communicated by levers to a recording pen. On an average day, in our climates, the air is coldest about sunrise. The appearance of the sun checks the atmospheric cooling due to the loss of heat from the earth that has been going on through the night, and the air begins to warm up. As long as the amount of incoming heat from the sun is greater than the amount of outgoing heat from the earth, the temperature will continue to rise. After noon, when the sun is highest, the supply of solar heat diminishes, but it is still greater, for a time, than the heat loss from the earth, and for this reason the temperature, as a rule, keeps on rising until some time toward the middle of the afternoon, when the maximum temperature of the day occurs. _Humidity_ is an element of weather that is more often talked about than understood. Atmospheric humidity is the state of the atmosphere with respect to the amount of moisture it contains in a gaseous form, not in the form of a liquid. This gaseous moisture is called _water vapor_, and it is not directly perceptible to the senses, as liquid water is. As we have explained elsewhere, the capacity of the air for water vapor increases with the temperature. The actual amount present at any time, per unit volume, is called the _absolute humidity_, and the ratio of this amount to the maximum amount the air can hold at the same temperature is called the _relative humidity_. The latter is generally expressed in percentage. When the air is charged to its full capacity with aqueous vapor its relative humidity is 100 per cent.