Suppression of the menses, as you well know, is not necessarily a sign of pregnancy. As a rule to which there can be but few exceptions, menstruation and pregnancy do not go on together. Indeed, many writers contend that there can never be menstruation in connection with fecundity. Others assert the contrary. But the rule is, pregnancy and menstruation cannot be present at the same time. But, as we have seen elsewhere, there is often suppression of the menses from various other causes than the one we are now considering. Nausea, and vomiting in the morning, constitute one of the most common signs of pregnancy; but it is to be remembered also, that, in a considerable proportion of cases, no stomach-sickness, whatever, is experienced. On the other hand, likewise, many persons have nausea and vomiting arising from other causes than pregnancy. If the child dies in the mother’s womb, it is believed that nausea and vomiting, for the most part, cease immediately. An irritable state of the stomach is one of the most common symptoms in the early part of this period. The breasts often, at first, grow smaller; after two or three months, they enlarge, and sometimes become painful. A fluid, somewhat resembling milk, only more watery, is not unfrequently observed to ooze from these parts during the early months of gestation. The nipple is seen to be surrounded by a brownish circle; this is at least true in many cases. In the beginning of pregnancy, the abdomen does not necessarily grow larger, as might at first be supposed. Indeed, good authorities assert, that in the commencement of the period, it becomes rather flatter than formerly; and that when it does first increase in size, it is rather from inflation of the bowels, particularly the colon, than from expansion of the uterus. An enlargement of the abdomen may arise from such a variety of causes as the obstruction of the menses, dropsy, diseases of the ovaries, or of the womb. This sign must necessarily always be looked upon with caution, especially in those cases where there is a strong desire for progeny. I remarked that a fluid resembling milk, is sometimes one of the signs of pregnancy. When this secretion takes place, it is looked upon by many of those who are not well-informed on the subject, as being a certain sign of this state. But it should be remembered, that not unfrequently when the menses cease from some other cause than that of pregnancy, a milky fluid is secreted in the breast. This has been known, likewise, to take place in women who had passed the child-bearing period, in young girls and infants, and even in men. Dr. Dewees gives us a case which is well calculated to impress upon us how careful we should be in forming our judgment in cases of this kind. It is as follows: