In many of Finn's experiments both model and mimic were given to the birds simultaneously so that they had a choice, and he says that "in several cases I saw the birds apparently deceived by mimicking butterflies. The Common Babbler was deceived by _Nepheronia hippia_[72] and Liothrix by _Hypolimnas misippus_. The latter bird saw through the disguise of the mimetic _Papilio polites_, which, however, was sufficient to deceive the Bhimraj and King-crow. I doubt if any bird was impressed by the mimetic appearance of the female _Elymnias undularis_" (cf. Pl. IV, fig. 5). Finn concluded from his experiments that on the whole they tended to support the theory of Bates and Wallace, though he admits that the unpalatable forms were commonly taken without the stimulus of actual hunger and generally without signs of dislike. Certainly it is as well to be cautious in drawing conclusions from experiments with captive birds. The King-crow, for instance, according to Finn shewed a marked dislike for Danaines in captivity; yet Manders records this {117} species as feeding upon Danaines under natural conditions (cf. p. 111). A few further experiments with the birds of this region were carried out by Manders[73] in Ceylon. The results are perhaps to be preferred to Finn's, as the birds were at liberty. Manders found that the Brown Shrike (_Lanius cristatus_) would take butterflies which were pinned to a paling. In this way it made off with the mimetic females of _Hypolimnas bolina_ and _H. misippus_, as well as with _Danais chrysippus_ and _Acraea violae_ which were successively offered to it. Evidently this species had no repugnance to unpalatable forms. Manders also found that a young Mynah allowed complete liberty in a large garden would eat such forms as _Acraea violae_ and _Papilio hector_. As the result of his experience Manders considers that the unpalatability of butterflies exhibiting warning coloration has been assumed on insufficient data, and he is further inclined to doubt whether future investigations will reveal any marked preference in those birds which are mainly instrumental in the destruction of butterflies.