བཤད་ཉན་, 38. Literally ‘speak-listen,’ has two meanings. The first, quoted in J. from Schmidt in the form of འཆད་ཉན་པ་ (s.v. འཆད་པ་ pf. and fut. བཤད་), is endorsed by my informants, ‘to listen to an explanation (also, to a sermon, discourse, etc.)’. The second is, ‘to answer upon hearing,’ i.e. ‘to answer (in invective, hotly, in remonstrance or dispute) upon hearing (reproaches or unpleasant words).’ If a mother chides her son for some fault, he may, instead of taking the rebuke in humility, try to argue or to be impudent in return. The mother then may say: ང་ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ཨ་མ་ལ་བཤད་ཉན་མ་བྱེད་འདི་ལས་ངའི་གཏམ་ཉོན་, ‘Don’t argue, dispute, bandy words with (don’t be impudent to, “no words with me!”) your mother, but (འདི་ལས་, ‘rather, on the contrary, instead of this’) listen to me.’ The expression may be rendered as ‘to flare up in answer (to a reproach), to retort angrily (after admonition), to snap, yap back.’ བཤེས་གཉེན་, 41. ‘Friend’ and, as J. has it, abbr. for དགེ་བའི་བཤེས་གཉེན་ = कल्याणमित्र = virtue-friend. Here interpreted by my informants as ‘true, genuine priests or monks, monks who come up to the mark, worthy of the name,’ but not technically as ‘spiritual adviser’ as J. has it. Desg. s.v. བཤེས་, quotes only a form with མཉེན་ and gives it the meaning ‘doctor, a lamaistic title.’ Under གཉེན་, however, he has བཤེས་གཉེན་, ‘ad scientiam adjuvans, monastic dignity, teacher.’ S. Ch. D. adds ‘pious or holy friend, spiritual friend or adviser.’ Compare also J. for the semi-homonym དགེ་བསྙེན་. ས་ see ཕྱོགས་. སེམས་པ་ see བསམས་ཤིང་ and བཀའ་དྲིན་སེམས་པ་. སེམས་བསྐྱེད་པ་ see སྐྱེད་པ་. གསུང་, 54. Here ‘speech’ in general, not ‘a speech,’ a slight extension of J.’s meanings, unless his use of the definite article in ‘the speech’ is a lapsus. The dicts. differ slightly and need co-ordination in details. About the meaning there can be no doubt as the word is here used in the series (hon.) སྐུ་, གསུང་, ཐུགས་, for ordinary ལུས་, ངག་, ཡིད་, body, speech and mind, the so-called ‘three doors,’ སྒོ་གསུམ་. གསུང་མགུར་ see མགུར་མ་. གསུང་བ་, 10. Here is the sense of ‘to preach, to explain, to give an exposition of, to expatiate on, to exhibit, to lecture on.’ བསམ་མནོ་ see རྟོག་དཔྱོད་. བསམ་མི་ཁྱབ་, 12. Inconceivable, unthinkable, unimaginable, not to be grasped by or in thought, beyond comprehension, realisation. བསམས་ཤིང་བསམས་ཤིང་, 4. The repetition of the verb softens the meaning into ‘quietly thinking’ or from སེམས་པ་ ‘to think,’ into ‘to muse, to ponder’, etc. ཨང་གི་དང་པོ་ see དྭངས་མར་. F. ADDITIONAL NOTES.