གཤགས་འགྱེད་པ་, 38. This expression cannot yet be explained with certainty. It may be taken here to mean, literally, ‘to send out (distribute, give, put forward) justice, right,’ but the exact idiomatic value of the phrase remains to be determined. It is not in the Dicts., and unknown to my informants. We may take the possible values of the expression as three, viz.: 1. གཤགས་འགྱེད་པ་ = རྩོད་པ་རྒྱབ་པ་ = གཤགས་རྒྱབ་པ་ = ‘to dispute, argue, contend with words.’ This seems the same expression as S. Ch. D.’s ཁ་གཤགས་འགྱེད་པ་ ‘to hold controversy,’ p. 1248. (Perhaps also ‘to challenge, to be challenged to dispute.’) 2. = ལན་འཕམ་པ་ ‘to be defeated in argument, in dispute, to be silenced in dispute.’ 3. = ‘To make observations to, to remonstrate with, to use plain speech to, to speak straight to, to rebuke, to reproach, to tell one the truth.’ (Cf. the entry in J.’s *kʽa kye-c̀e* to abuse, to menace’ (p. 97b.)) This seems the sense required here and would be a logical development of the primary meaning of the expression: ‘to spread out the justice (right) of the case before someone,’ i.e. ‘to submit the truth about it.’ S. Ch. D. has s.v. ཁ་གཤགས་ = ཁ་རྩོད་ ‘using rough language, controversy, discussion, dispute.’ The other Dicts. lack this word. The above is the result of an exhaustive discussion of the expression with my teachers. Lexicographically (with a view to the entry quoted from S. Ch. D.) the first explanation seems the best, but with reference to the context, the last one deserves preference, and this is the one chosen for the rendering. It should be noted that in modern Tibetan there seems to be taking place a shifting of the meaning of གཤགས་. Instead of as ‘right, justice’ it seems to be understood by some modern Tibetans as ‘the arguing about right or justice’ as in a court of law, and hence simply as ‘dispute, argument, pleading.’ Example: ‘This is not the place to argue your rights,’ ཁྱོད་གཤགས་རྒྱབ་སའི་ (or པའི་) ས་ཆ་འདི་རུ་མ་རེད་, lit. ‘to hit out (རྒྱབ་) for the right,’ the verb meaning ‘to do (རྒྱབ་ for verba loquendi) arguing (གཤགས་).’