Modern thinkers and present problems : $b an approach to modern philosophy through its historySinger, Edgar A. (Edgar Arthur)
Philosophy
Modern thinkers and present problems : $b an approach to modern philosophy through its history
Singer, Edgar A. (Edgar Arthur)
Philosophers; Philosophy -- History
“A miracle” he there writes, “is a violation of the laws of nature;
and as a firm and unalterable experience has established these laws,
the proof against a miracle, from the very nature of the fact, is as
entire as any argument from experience can possibly be imagined. Why
is it more than probable that all men must die; that lead cannot, of
itself, remain suspended in the air; that fire consumes wood, and
is extinguished by water; unless it be that these events are found
agreeable to the laws of nature, and there is required a violation
of these laws, or in other words, a miracle to prevent them? Nothing
is ever esteemed a miracle if it ever happen in the common course of
nature.... There must, therefore, be a uniform experience against every
miraculous event, otherwise the event would not merit that appellation.
And as a uniform experience amounts to proof, there is here a direct
and full _proof_, from the nature of the fact, against the existence of
any miracle; nor can such proof be destroyed or the miracle rendered
credible, but by an opposite proof which is superior.
“The plain consequence is (and it is a general maxim worthy of our
attention), ‘That no testimony is sufficient to establish a miracle,
unless the testimony be of such kind that its falsehood would be more
miraculous than the fact which it endeavors to establish.’” And Hume
illustrates--“When anyone tells me that he saw a dead man restored to
life, I immediately consider with myself whether it is more probable
that this person should either deceive or be deceived, or that the fact
which he relates should really have happened. I weigh the one miracle
against the other; and according to the superiority which I discover I
pronounce my decision, and always reject the greater miracle. If the
falsehood of his testimony would be more miraculous than the event
which he relates; then, and not till then, can he pretend to command my
belief or opinion.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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