When one or more groups of muscles have become weakened as a result of misuse or disease, it is proper to engage them in strengthening gymnastics called remedial exercises. Although these can frequently be given to groups, the groups are ordinarily small. The nature of these exercises and their administration may lead to boredom rapidly. Soft music can be used as an antidote to their monotony. Those exercises for the correction of spinal deformity which require crawling and free swinging are well adapted to musical accompaniment, and exercise in the form of the dance used for correction or maintenance of good posture is undoubtedly enhanced by background music. Although not in common use for such purpose, ballroom and tap-dancing could be used to advantage in selected groups of patients for the improvement of disabilities of the ankles, knees and hips. Modern or interpretative dancing may in like manner be used for upper extremity strengthening and co-ordination. SHOP WORK In those hospitals which possess an occupational therapy shop, music may be used to increase the pleasantness of the surroundings and possibly to increase the endurance and efficiency of work projects. Music is not recommended as a background to work which requires mental concentration, even though it is used by a great many students who believe that they can do their home-work better with the radio on. If the melody is too interesting or too popular at the time, it may be distracting, but where the work is largely physical, soft music has been shown to be a desirable adjuvant. Gatewood[33] studied the effect of background music on workers in an architectural drafting room and discovered that although a minority found it distracting, most of the workers worked better and faster. They preferred familiar music and found instrumental music less distracting than vocal renditions. More recently this subject has received the attention of many investigators who have shown its value among factory workers and have called it “Industrial Music.”[III.] Their findings and conclusions are so closely allied with the use of background music that a few excerpts from the growing literature will be mentioned.