In the Peruvian _huayra-puhura_ made of talc some of the pipes possess lateral holes. This contrivance, which is rather unusual, occurs on the Chinese _cheng_. The _chayna_, mentioned page 64, seems to have been provided with a reed, like the oboe: and in Hindustan we find a species of oboe called _shehna_. The _turé_ of the Indian tribes on the Amazon, mentioned page 69, reminds us of the trumpets _tooree_, or _tootooree_, of the Hindus. The name appears to have been known also to the Arabs; but there is no indication whatever of its having been transmitted to the peninsula by the Moors, and afterwards to south America by the Portuguese and Spaniards. The wooden tongues in the drum _teponaztli_ may be considered as a contrivance exclusively of the ancient American Indians. Nevertheless a construction nearly akin to it may be observed in certain drums of the Tonga and Feejee islanders, and of the natives of some islands in Torres strait. Likewise some negro tribes in western and central Africa have certain instruments of percussion which are constructed on a principle somewhat reminding us of the _teponaztli_. The method of bracing the drum by means of cords, as exhibited in the _huehueil_ of the Mexican Indians, is evidently of very high antiquity in the east. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Rattles, pandean pipes made of reed, and conch trumpets, are found almost all over the world, wherever the materials of which they are constructed are easily obtainable. Still, it may be noteworthy that the Mexicans employed the conch trumpet in their religious observances apparently in much the same way as it is used in the Buddhist worship of the Thibetans and Kalmuks. As regards the sonorous metal in the great temple at Tezcuco some inquirers are sure that it was a gong: but it must be borne in mind that these inquirers detect everywhere traces proving an invasion of the Mongols, which they maintain to have happened about six hundred years ago. Had they been acquainted with the little Peruvian bell (engraved on page 75) they would have had more tangible musical evidence in support of their theory than the supposed gong; for this bell certainly bears a suggestive resemblance to the little hand-bell which the Buddhists use in their religious ceremonies. The Peruvians interpolated certain songs, especially those which they were in the habit of singing while cultivating the fields, with the word _hailli_ which signified “Triumph.” As the subject of these compositions was principally the glorification of the Inca, the burden _hailli_ is perhaps all the more likely to remind Europeans of the Hebrew _hallelujah_. Moreover, Adair, who lived among the Indians of north America during a period of about forty years, speaks of some other words which he found used as burdens in hymns sung on solemn occasions, and which appeared to him to correspond with certain Hebrew words of a sacred import.