=42.= The conclusion to which this study of Nagualism leads is, that it was not merely the belief in a personal guardian spirit, as some have asserted; not merely a survival of fragments of the ancient heathenism, more or less diluted by Christian teachings, as others have maintained; but that above and beyond these, it was a powerful secret organization, extending over a wide area, including members of different languages and varying culture, bound together by mystic rites, by necromantic powers and occult doctrines; but, more than all, by one intense emotion--hatred of the whites--and by one unalterable purpose--that of their destruction, and with them the annihilation of the government and religion which they had introduced. FOOTNOTES: [4-*] These words occur a number of times in the English translation, published at London in 1822, of Dr. Paul Felix Cabrera’s _Teatro Critico Americano_. The form _nagual_ instead of _nahual_, or _naual_, or _nawal_ has been generally adopted and should be preferred. [4-†] For instance, in “The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths,” pp. 21, 22, in _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, 1881; _Annals of the Cakchiquels_, Introduction, p. 46; _Essays of an Americanist_, p. 170, etc. [5-*] _Historia de las Indias Occidentales_, Dec. iv, Lib. viii, cap. 4. [5-†] More especially it is the territory of the Chorti dialect, spoken to this day in the vicinity of the famous ancient city of Copan, Honduras. Cerquin lies in the mountains nearly due east of this celebrated site. On the Chorti, see Stoll, _Zur Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala_, pp. 106-9. [6-*] Bernardino de Sahagun, _Historia de la Nueva España_, Lib. x, cap. 9. [6-†] Derived from _teciuhtlaza_, to conjure against hail, itself from _teciuh_, hail. Alonso de Molina, _Vocabulario Mexicano_, sub voce. [6-‡] Bautista, _Advertencias para los Confesores_, fol. 112 (Mexico, 1600). [6-§] Nicolas de Leon, _Camino del Cielo_, fol. 111 (Mexico, 1611). [7-*] Paso y Troncoso, in _Anales del Museo Nacionàl[TN-7] de Mexico_, Tom. iii, p. 180. [7-†] Sahagun, _Historia de Nueva España_, Lib. x, cap. 29, and Lib. xi, cap. 7. Hernandez has the following on the mysterious properties of this plant: “Illud ferunt de hac radice mirabile (si modo fides sit vulgatissimæ inter eos rei habendæ), devorantes illam quodlibet prsæsagire prædicereque; velut an sequenti die hostes sint impetum in eos facturi? Anne illos felicia maneant tempora? Quis supellectilem, aut aliud quidpiam furto subripruerit? Et ad hunc modum alia, quibus Chichimecæ hujusmodi medicamine cognoscendis.” Franciscus Hernandus, _Historia Plantarum Novæ Hispaniæ_, Tom. iii, p. 71 (Ed., Madrid, 1790). [7-‡] _Diccionario Universal_, Appendice, Tom. i, p. 360 (Mexico, 1856). [8-*] _Confessionario Mayor y Menor en lengua Mexicana_, fol. 8, verso (Mexico, 1634). [8-†] Vetancurt, _Teatro Mexicano_, Trat. iii, cap. 9. [8-‡] Hernandez, _Historia Plantarum Novæ Hispaniæ_, Tom. iii, p. 32.