Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)Burkett, Ray D.
Science
Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)
Burkett, Ray D.
Agkistrodon piscivorus; Snakes
a slight pain could be felt in the armpit. Since swelling and pain
were almost nonexistent by 2:00 p.m., I was permitted to leave. After
walking to a nearby building, I again felt a burning sensation as the
hand warmed. I made another ice bath and again immersed the hand in it
until 4:10 p.m., at which time it was removed from the water. The pain
and swelling began anew, and the hand was placed back in an ice bath
from 5:30 p.m. until about 7:30 p.m. At this time cryotherapy was
discontinued. From 10:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight my legs twitched
periodically, and pain could be felt in both armpits. A slight
difficulty in breathing also was experienced for a short time. The acute
pain and burning sensation remained in the finger until the following
morning, but swelling progressed only as far as the wrist. The only
discomfort that day was in the finger. The tip was darkened, the entire
first digit red and feverish, and the lymphatics still painful when
touched. By the third day the swelling had regressed. The incision
itself was the main cause of discomfort, and the soreness at the site of
the bite persisted for at least four days.
Although the L-C method of snakebite treatment has been vigorously
attacked by many, there is still need of much more data before it
can be unequivocally condemned or praised. It was preferred in the
treatment of this bite because: I knew that envenomation was minimal
and that there would be no need for antivenin; only one fang of a
snake less than one foot long had entered the tip of the finger; the
snake had bitten three frogs in the previous two days and had
possibly used up a considerable amount of its venom; the venom was
deposited at such a shallow depth that at least a portion of it
could be removed by suction; and the wound bled freely even before
suction was applied. The ice water was uncomfortably cold but was
not cold enough to cause frostbite, a major objection to the L-C
method. Ideally, fresh ice should be added little by little to
replace that which is melting, and the immersed area should be
protected from the water by a plastic bag. Pain and swelling can be
minimized by cryotherapy, but I would recommend its use only in
cases of mild poisoning such as the one described herein.
Snakebite in the United States
Many estimates have been made of the number of bites of poisonous snakes
that occur annually in the United States. The occurrence of poisonous
snakebite has been nearly as badly underestimated as fatal results of
their envenomations have been overrated. For important data on number of
persons bitten by poisonous snakes in the United States, see the
following: Allen and Swindell (1948:15); Githens (1935:172); Klauber
(1956:811); Parrish (1963); Sowder and Gehres (1963:973); Stimson and
Engelhardt (1960:153); Swaroop and Grab (1956:441); Swartzwelder
(1950:579); Willson (1908:530); and Wood (1954b:937).
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