Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
Cagle (1948:202) found that growth of slider turtles (_Pseudemys
scripta_) in Illinois paralleled the growth of bass and bluegills in
the same lake; in the two years in which the fish grew rapidly, the
turtles did also, owing, he thought to "lessened total population
pressure" and "reduced competition for food." Growth of five-lined
skinks (_Eumeces fasciatus_) on the Natural History Reservation
paralleled growth of box turtles, probably because at least some of
the same environmental factors influence the growth of both species.
Calculations of departure from normal growth in _E. fasciatus_, made
by me from Fitch's graph (1954:84, Fig. 13), show that relative
success of growth in the period he considered can be ranked by year,
in descending order, as: 1951, 1949, 1948, 1950, 1952. This
corresponds closely to the sequence, 1951, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, for
_T. ornata_.
Number of Growing Years
Growth almost stops after the thirteenth year in females and after the
eleventh or twelfth year in males, approximately three years, on the
average, after sexual maturity is attained. The oldest individuals in
which plastral length had increased measurably in the season of
capture were females 14 (2 specimens) and 15 (1) years old. The age of
the oldest growing male was 13 years.
The germinal layer of the epidermis probably remains semiactive
throughout life but functions chiefly as a repair mechanism in adults
that are no longer growing. Growth-rings continue to form irregularly
in some older adults. Growth-rings formed after the period of regular
growth are so closely approximated that they are unmeasurable and
frequently indistinguishable to the unaided eye. If the continued
formation of growth-rings is not accompanied by wear at the edges of
the laminae, the laminae meeting at an interlaminal seam descend, like
steps, into the seam (Pl. 22, Fig. 2). Interlaminal seams of the
plastron deepen with advancing age in most individuals.
Some individuals that are well past the age of regular growth show
measurable increments in years when conditions are especially
favorable. The three oldest growing females were collected in 1954--an
exceptionally good year for growth. Allowing some latitude for
irregular periods of growth in favorable years subsequent to the
period of regular, more or less steady growth, 15 to 20 years is a
tenable estimate of the total growing period.
Longevity
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