Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
Blanchard and Blanchard (_op. cit._) have described the dragging of
the male by the female during coitus in the garter snake, and the
temporarily inseparable bond formed between members of a pair by the
recurved spines of the engorged hemipenis, but it has not been
generally recognized that the process is much the same in other
colubrines. Cottam (1937:229) described and photographed mating in a
pair of _C. c. mormon_ in Utah. The copulating racers were shown in a
loose coil lying alongside each other with tails intertwined. However,
when disturbed by the observers, these racers made frantic efforts to
escape, crawling in a spiral course, while remaining attached and
intertwined, "with no evident attempt to separate" during
approximately a quarter hour of observation.
The racer is notorious for its aggressive behavior and occasional
alleged attacks on humans in the breeding season. The tendency has
doubtless been much exaggerated, especially in the verbal second- or
third-hand accounts based on the alleged observations of
eye-witnesses. Nevertheless, the supposition that large adults will
sometimes pursue or attack humans when disturbed is well
substantiated. In most of the instances known to me, it is the large
eastern subspecies, _C. c. constrictor_, involved in these incidents,
and seemingly the smaller racers of the Middle West, far West and
South are less inclined to behave aggressively. In May 1958 two pairs
of large racers were confined in a semicircular wire enclosure thirty
feet across and open on top, and with natural vegetation, at the
Reservation headquarters. Often in approaching the cage I saw two or
more racers in close association, but because of sheltering
vegetation, and the snakes' timidity observation was difficult. On May
19 a pair were lying partly extended in loose coils, but immediately
the female took alarm and darted away, breaking loose from the male;
his hemipenis was exposed, and underwent involution and retraction in
approximately 30 seconds. Unlike the female, the male on this occasion
did not attempt to escape, but turned to face me with a show of
aggressiveness. Probably copulation was in its final stages when the
disturbance occurred.
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