Second-rate sea-going iron-clads. Armored belt and casemate and two barbette turrets. The belt encircles the water-line to the height of the main-deck beams, the casemate carrying the armor to the spar-deck. The barbette turrets are over the forward corners of the casemate. Ram bow and dome stern. Light spar-deck broadside battery. Bow-gun working in a single port under the forecastle. [Illustration: VICTORIEUSE.] GLOIRE. COURONNE. FLANDRE. PROVENCE. HEROINE GAULOISE. GUYENNE. MAGNANIME. SAVOIE. REVANCHE. SURVEILLANTE. VALEUREUSE. [Illustration: LA GLOIRE.] Broadside iron-clad frigates, completely armored. These vessels belong to the earliest type, and, with the exception of the Couronne and Heroine, they have wooden hulls. The armor extends from about three feet below the water-line to the spar-deck beams. Armored conning towers are placed abaft the main-mast. Originally built for a large battery of light smooth-bores, the height of the main-deck presents the full outfit of a heavy battery. BELLIQUEUSE. ALMA. JEANNE D’ARC. THETIS. ARMIDE. ATALANTE. MONTCALM. REINE BLANCHE. Second-class cruising iron-clads. Armor belt and casemate, and four barbette turrets. The belt comes to the main-deck beams all around, the casemate carrying it up to the spar-deck. The turrets are at the corners of the casemates. In some of these vessels the after turrets were left off, it being found that the hull was overweighted when it was attempted to put heavier guns aboard than the ships were originally intended to carry. [Illustration: JEANNE D’ARC.] TONNERRE. FULMINANT. FURIEUX. TEMPETE. TONNANT. VENGEUR. [Illustration: TONNERRE.] Single-turreted, casemated monitors for coast defence. These vessels are heavily armored at the water-line; the single turret is very large, in order to bring the two guns in it well apart, to gain clear fire aft on each side of the superstructure. This turret is on the forward third of the hull, and it, as well as the superstructure aft, is surrounded by a breastwork that does not come out to the side. On top of the turret is a barbette commander’s lookout. Forward the deck rises into a short forecastle, just abaft of which is an armored casemate giving ingress into the crew’s quarters. The superstructure abaft the turret is musket-proof, of a width just sufficient to permit the guns to get stern-fire. The upper part expands into a flying deck, with a low musket-proof shield, and corner stands for Hotchkiss machine-guns. TIGRE. BELIER. CERBERE. BOULEDOGUE. Monitor rams. These vessels have a low freeboard, the single turret being on the forward third of the hull, surrounded by a casemate, which also covers the lower part of the smoke-stack. A superstructure rises forward and aft of the turret and is semi-cylindrical, curving at the ends in such a manner as to give no foothold on any part. The turret is surmounted by a barbette lookout. The hulls are of wood and heavily strengthened at the ram. Double screws. TAUREAU.