Nigeria and its tin fieldsCalvert, Albert Frederick
History
Nigeria and its tin fields
Calvert, Albert Frederick
Tin mines and mining -- Nigeria
The basin covers an area of roughly 300 acres, not including the bank
deposits on the streams or the higher level flats. As would be expected
from the nature of the ground, the top gravels do not carry payable
values, but it seems to me almost impossible for the bottom to be other
than rich when it is remembered that tin will not travel far without easy
outlet and good grades, and that for a long period tin-bearing dirt has
been emptying itself into this basin from so many channels. We have been
unable to reach bottom in ordinary trial pits owing to heavy water and
the running nature of the alluvial, and it will now have to be tested by
boring.
Even if it proves only a low-grade show, it is obviously a big mine, and
one that must be worked by dredging or pumping methods. Possibly the
three falls above mentioned would give sufficient power, in which case
the problem of working the “A” deposits would be solved at the same time.
Otherwise it would be necessary to acquire the Kwall Falls, and generate
electric power there.
C
I am not so familiar with this portion of the river, but, generally
speaking, it is of a similar character to “B,” and the same remarks
apply, but with this important exception, that it is down stream and
therefore farther away from the source of the tin. I am not in a position
to say whether it is fed by other tin-bearing streams or rocks further to
the west.
As your Chairman very reasonably suggested, there may be an obstruction
in the shape of rising bedrock or bars about Section 46, in which case
this portion may prove of little value. This can only be disclosed by
continuing the boring operations, and I would here emphasise Mr. Lush’s
opinion that the greatest care should be exercised in taking samples from
holes in these loose gravels where boring has a tendency to concentrate
the heavier mineral at the bottom.
RECOMMENDATIONS
As some difficulty is anticipated in holding the areas as they now stand
after this year, I suggest that they be dealt with as follows:—
(A) The streams and alluvial deposits on this portion are
spread over some six square miles of country, so that my
previous suggestion that the whole should be taken up in one
rectangular mining area is not feasible. A mining area should
be acquired over Sections 49 and 50 as under:—
Commencing at the N’Gell Beacon, thence 2 miles due west,
thence 1 mile due north, thence 2 miles due east, and thence 1
mile due south to the starting point, enclosing an area of 2
square miles.
Mining licences over Nos. 1, 2, and 3 streams should be renewed.
The above four mining areas will not include all the alluvial mentioned
in this report as existing on this portion (A), but if the three streams
are held, the alluvial lying between them will be safe from others, who
would have no water for working it. This is only intended to meet the
case temporarily, and until further surveys have been made and the Mining
Laws revised.
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