Ocean Gardens. The History of the Marine Aquarium: and the best methods now adopted for its establishment and preservation.Humphreys, Henry Noel
History
Ocean Gardens. The History of the Marine Aquarium: and the best methods now adopted for its establishment and preservation.
Humphreys, Henry Noel
Aquariums
1. Actinia crassicornis.
2. A group of Serpula contortuplicata.]
The Barnacles must not be omitted in furnishing an Aquarium, nor the
fable connected with the Common Barnacle (_Pentelasmis anatifera_), in
which it is affirmed that the Barnacle Geese were their offspring. Our
old naturalist Gerard not only gives a detailed account of the
transformation by which this wonder of the good old times was
accomplished, but positively illustrates his description with an
engraving, in which the metamorphosis is seen in progress.
The tube-like cells of the _Serpulæ_ have some resemblance to the cells
of the Common Barnacle, but that of the solitary Serpula, _Serpula
tubularia_, is much taller, often rising a foot from the substance it
adheres to. The fan-like feathers forming the feeding, and, perhaps,
also the breathing apparatus, of _Serpula contortuplicata_, are
exceedingly rich in colour, as is also the member which acts as a “cork”
to the tube when the feather-like tentacles are withdrawn, and which is
familiarly termed the “stopper;” for when, on alarm, the feathers are
suddenly drawn in, the “stopper” immediately follows, shutting up the
opening of the tube in a very perfect manner. This organ is often of a
rich orange, and the feathers a brilliant scarlet, though they are
sometimes pale, or nearly white, as shown in Plate X. These fan-like
organs, termed feathers, appear to act as breathing organs, by
separating the oxygen from the currents of water which pass between
their fibres. The _Sabella_, an allied tribe, forms its tube of mud;
while that of the _Serpula_ is always of hard shell. The golden-combed
worm, _Amphitrite auricoma_, another singular creature of this class,
may be best alluded to in this place. Just below the cork-like head,
when it leaves its tubular shell, are the scarlet gills, slightly
resembling those of fishes, and across the head the golden comb-like
appendage is expanded, from which it derives its popular name. When the
animal retires within its tube, the upper part of the head has, like the
_Serpulæ_, all the appearance of a cork or small stopper. This creature
is one of the most curious of its class.
The _Balani_, or Acorn-shells, which are generally parasitic, fixing
themselves to the shell of the Whelk or some other univalve, spread
their crimson tentacles when seeking food exactly in the manner of the
_Serpulæ_, the feathery filaments forming a kind of living casting-net,
as it has been observed, in which the minute _Annelid_ or _Infusory_ is
entangled and devoured. Two _Balani_ are represented in Plate VII. on
the shell of a common Whelk.
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