Architecture, Byzantine; Byzantine Empire; Istanbul (Turkey) -- Description and travel; Justinian I, Emperor of the East, 483?-565
There is there a place where the three frontiers of the Roman Empire,
of Persian Armenia, and of the Tzani join; here he constructed a
new and very powerful fort, named Oronon, which he made the chief
guarantee of peace to the country; for at that point the Romans first
entered Tzania. Here he established a garrison under a general with
the title of Duke. At a place distant two days’ journey from Oronon,
on the frontier of the Ocenite Tzani—for the Tzani are divided into
many tribes—there was a fortress built in ancient times, which long
before this had fallen into ruin by neglect, and was named Charton. The
Emperor Justinian restored this, and placed in it a large garrison to
keep the province in order. On the east of this place is a precipitous
ravine stretching towards the north. Here he built a new fort named
Barchon. Beyond this, at the skirts of the mountain, are stables where
the Ocenite Tzani used to keep their cattle, not in order to plough the
land,—for the Tzani, as I said before, are altogether idle, and know
nothing of husbandry, and have no ploughed land, or other operations
of farming,—but for a constant supply of milk and meat. Beyond the
skirts of the mountain, to the westward of the place upon the plain,
which is called Cena, stands the fort of Sisilisson, which was of
ancient construction, but by length of time had fallen into ruin, and
was restored by the Emperor Justinian, who established in it, as in
all the others, a sufficient garrison of Roman soldiers. On the left,
as one goes from thence in a northerly direction, is a place which the
natives call the Ditch of Longinus; for in ancient times Longinus, a
Roman general of the Isaurian nation, pitched his camp there during a
campaign against the Tzani. Here our Emperor built a fort, named Burgum
Noes, a day’s journey distant from Sisilisson, which, like the fort at
Sisilisson described above, our Emperor very strongly fortified. Beyond
this is the frontier of the Coxylini Tzani, where he placed two forts
named Schimalinichon and Tzanzakon. Here he placed another officer with
a garrison.
VII. These were the works of the Emperor Justinian among the Tzani.
In the country beyond them, on the banks of the Euxine Sea, is a
city called Trapezus.[64] As there was a scarcity of water at this
place, the Emperor Justinian constructed an aqueduct, called by the
name of the Martyr Eugenius, by which he relieved the wants of the
inhabitants. Both here and at Amasea[65] he restored the greater part
of the churches, which had become ruinous by lapse of time. Beyond the
frontier of the city of Trapezus is a place named Rhizeum,[66] which
he in person restored and surrounded with fortifications magnificent
beyond description and belief; for the city is second to none of those
on the Persian frontier in size and strength.
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