On English poetry : $b being an irregular approach to the psychology of this art, from evidence mainly subjectiveGraves, Robert
History
On English poetry : $b being an irregular approach to the psychology of this art, from evidence mainly subjective
Graves, Robert
English poetry -- History and criticism
I have already attempted to show Poetry as the Recorder’s _précis_ of a
warm debate between the members of the poet’s mental Senate on some
unusually contraversial subject. Let the same idea be expressed less
personally in the terms of coloured circles intersecting, the space cut
off having the combined colour of both circles. In the Drama these
circles represent the warring influences of the plot; the principal
characters lie in the enclosed space and the interest of the play is to
watch their attempts to return to the state of primary colouring which
means mental ease; with tragedy they are eventually forced to the
colourless blackness of Death, with comedy the warring colours disappear
in white. In the lyrical poem, the circles are coinciding
stereoscopically so that it is difficult to discover how each individual
circle is coloured; we only see the combination.
If we consider that each influence represented by these circles has an
equivalent musical rhythm, then in the drama these rhythms interact
orchestrally, tonic theme against dominant; in lyrical poetry where we
get two images almost fused into one, the rhythms interlace
correspondingly closely. Of the warring influences, one is naturally
the original steady-going conservative, the others novel, disquieting,
almost accidental. Then in lyrical poetry the established influence
takes the original metre as its expression, and the new influences
introduce the cross rhythm modifying the metre until it is half
submerged. Shakespeare’s developments of blank verse have much
distressed prosodists, but have these ever considered that they were not
mere wantonness or lack of thought, that what he was doing was to send
emotional cross-rhythms working against the familiar iambic five-stress
line?
I remember “doing Greek iambics” at Charterhouse and being allowed as a
great privilege on reaching the Upper School to resolve the usual
short-long foot into a short-short-short or even in certain spots into a
long-short. These resolutions I never understood as having any reference
to the emotional mood of the verse I was supposed to be translating, but
they came in very conveniently when proper names had too many short
syllables in them to fit otherwise.
A young poet showed me a set of English verses the other day which I
returned him without taking a copy but I remember reading somewhat as
follows:--
T-tum, t-tum, t-tum, t-tum, t-tum
A midnight garden, where as I went past
I saw the cherry’s moonfrozen delicate ivory.
“Good heavens,” I said, “what’s that last line all about?”
“Oh, it’s just an experiment in resolution.”
“Take a pencil, like a good fellow, and scan it for me in the old
fashioned way as we used to do at school together.”
He did so:--
I sāw | thĕ cherr|(y’s) moŏnfrōz|ĕn dĕl|ic(ate) īv|(ory)
“It’s a sort of anapaestic resolution,” he explained.
“Anapaestic resolution of what?”
“Of an iambic decasyllabic line.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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