On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 1 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 1 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
Mr. Gassiot finally concludes that the cause of the stratified discharge
arising from the impulses of a force acting upon highly attenuated but
resisting media is also applicable to the discharge of the voltaic
battery in vacuo; while the fact of this discharge even in its full
intensity having been now ascertained to be also stratified leads to the
conclusion that the ordinary discharge of the voltaic battery, under
every condition, is not continuous but intermittent, that it consists of
a series of pulsations or vibrations of greater or less velocity,
according to the resistance in the chemical or metallic elements of the
battery or the conducting media through which the discharge passes.
Caustic potash absorbs the carbonic acid gas by degrees, and at last so
completely exhausts a vacuum tube that electricity cannot be conducted.
Air is a non-conductor, and an electric discharge that will not pass
through an inch of air, will pass through more than 30 or 40 inches of
attenuated gas.
It has already been mentioned that the stratified discharge can be
obtained by a single discharge of the primary current of an inductive
coil, however long may be the vacuum tube through which the discharge is
passed. If no addition be made to the battery and no alteration be made
in the arrangement of the coil so as to increase or diminish the
intensity of the discharge, the stratifications will always present the
same appearance and form, occupying the same spaces and positions in the
vacuum tube; but if any change be made so as to alter the intensity,
then a corresponding alteration will appear in the discharge, the striæ
assuming a different shape, and the bright and dark divisions occupying
different positions.
In order to try what effect a change of intensity would produce, three
separate insulated voltaic batteries, in which the exciting liquid was
brine, formed an electric circuit which was completed by two long wires.
It was so arranged that the discharge of one, two, or all the three
batteries could be separately employed. In order to vary the resistance
at pleasure, two tubes 18 inches long containing distilled water and
connected at their base were introduced into the circuit. By varying the
depth to which the terminal wires of the circuit were plunged into the
water, the resistance could be regulated at pleasure, and it was
immaterial in what part of the circuit the vacuum tube was introduced
provided the circuit was completed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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