The _Manihot utilissima_ and the allied species or variety called _aipi_, which is also cultivated, have not been found in an undoubtedly wild state. Humboldt and Bonpland, indeed, found upon the banks of the Magdalena a plant of _Manihot utilissima_ which they called _almost_ wild,[194] but Dr. Sagot assures me that it has not been found in Guiana, and that botanists who have explored the hot region in Brazil have not been more fortunate. We gather as much from the expressions of Pohl, who has carefully studied these plants, and who was acquainted with the collections of Martius, and had no doubt of their American origin. If he had observed a wild variety identical with those which are cultivated, he would not have suggested the hypothesis that the manioc is obtained from his _Manihot pusilla_[195] of the province of Goyaz, a plant of small size, and considered as a true species or as a variety of _Manihot palmata_.[196] Martius declared in 1867, that is after having received a quantity of information of a later date than his journey, that the plant was not known in a wild state.[197] An early traveller, usually accurate, Piso,[198] speaks of a wild _mandihoca_, of which the Tapuyeris, the natives of the coast to the north of Rio Janeiro, ate the roots. “It is,” he says, “very like the cultivated plant;” but the illustration he gives of it appears unsatisfactory to authors who have studied the maniocs. Pohl attributes it to his _M. aipi_, and Dr. Müller passes it over in silence. For my part, I am disposed to believe what Piso says, and his figure does not seem to me entirely unsatisfactory. It is better than that by Vellozo, of a wild manioc which is doubtfully attributed to _M. aipi_.[199] If we do not accept the origin in eastern tropical Brazil, we must have recourse to two hypotheses: either the cultivated maniocs are obtained from one of the wild species modified by cultivation, or they are varieties which exist only by the agency of man after the disappearance of their fellows from modern wild vegetation. +Garlic+—_Allium sativum_, Linnæus.