Overtones, a book of temperaments : $b Richard Strauss, Parsifal, Verdi, Balzac, Flaubert, Nietzsche, and TurgénieffHuneker, James
Philosophy
Overtones, a book of temperaments : $b Richard Strauss, Parsifal, Verdi, Balzac, Flaubert, Nietzsche, and Turgénieff
Huneker, James
Music
Act III brings us back to the Grail confines, where a tender,
idyllic landscape on the edge of a forest discloses a hermit’s
hut, with a spring hard by. It is a spring morning. Gurnemanz,
now a white-haired, sorrowful old man, has relinquished all hope
of a saviour for the King. He feels that unless death intervenes,
Klingsor will become master of the Grail, for he knows nothing of
the stirring events in the preceding act. A low cry in the bushes
apprises him of Kundry’s presence. She is half dead, but is revived
by the old hermit. She feebly moans, “Service, service,” and then
rises and goes to the hut, where she gets a pitcher. This she carries
to the spring, and fills. Gurnemanz marvels at her altered and
penitential appearance. But she makes signs. One is approaching. A
stranger knight in coal black armor, with visor down and spear in
hand, is seen. He gravely advances. Gurnemanz asks his name. The
stranger shakes his head. Adjured to remove his armor, as it is Good
Friday, and no Christian knight must bear arms on that holy day,
the stranger obeys. He plants his spear in the ground, removes his
shield and sword, unfastens his armor, takes off his helmet, and
kneels in fervent prayer before the lance. At once he is recognized
by Gurnemanz as the youth who killed the swan, and the lance is also
remarked with keen emotion. “Oh, blessed day,” cries the old man, who
knows that his King’s saviour is now at hand. Now follows a series
of pictures. They move before the eyes like some strange dream in
a land where life has resolved itself into processional attitudes.
One dissolves into another. The kneeling knight recalls an Albrecht
Dürer, and his blessing by Gurnemanz, his baptism of the repentant
Kundry,—who utters but two words during the act,—and the washing of
his feet Magdalen-like, are all accompanied by music that is almost
gesture, and with gestures that are almost musical. Gurnemanz informs
Parsifal that Amfortas is in sad extremities, his father, Titurel,
no longer strengthened by the Grail, is really dead, and the King
refuses to perform the sacred office. It is this great hour of need
in which Parsifal appears. Parsifal tells Gurnemanz of his weary
wanderings over the earth in search of Montsalvat. Sorely beset by
foes, yet he dare not use the sacred spear. It has been kept intact
from worldly stain or strife. Then follows the soothing Good Friday
magic music episode, when all nature puts on its sweetest attire
to give thanks to the Saviour who suffered. Bells are heard. It is
noon. As in the first act, but by a different route and accompanied
by other music, the scene slowly changes to the domed Temple of the
Holy Grail. The funeral services of Titurel are being held. The hall
is full of mourning knights. Amfortas, his agony at its apex, refuses
to unveil the Grail, and begs his companions to slay him, for he can
no longer endure his pain and shame. Parsifal enters, accompanied by
Gurnemanz.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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