=Lithopone.= Lithopone, probably the whitest of pigments, results from the double decomposition of zinc sulphate and barium sulphide, thereby forming a molecular combination of zinc sulphide and barium sulphate. The peculiar property which it possesses, of darkening under the actinic rays of the sun, makes it essential that it be combined with other, more stable pigments to prolong its life when exposed to weather. Lithopone contains approximately 70% barium sulphate, 25 to 28% zinc sulphide, and as high as 5% of zinc oxide. Its specific gravity is about 4.25. It is excellently suited for interior use in the manufacture of enamels and wall finishes. When properly mixed with other pigments, such as zinc oxide and calcium carbonate, fair results are obtained as a pigment for outside work. Lead pigments are never used with lithopone, as lead sulphide results, giving a black appearance. Its characteristic flocculent, non-crystalline nature is plainly evident when examined under the microscope. [Illustration: By Polarized Light By Transmitted Light Barium Sulphate (Barytes)] =Magnesium Silicate (Asbestine and Talcose).= This pigment comes in two forms: as asbestine and as talcose (talc, etc.). The former is very fibrous in nature and is a very stable pigment to use in the manufacture of paint, on account of its inert nature and tendency to hold up heavier pigments, and prevent settling. It also has the property of strengthening a paint coat in which it is used. The talcose variety is very tabular in form. Both varieties are transparent in oil, and very inert. They have a gravity of about 2.7 and grind in about 32% of oil. [Illustration: Barium Carbonate. Mag. 250 Diam. (_The Pigment shows white_)] [Illustration: Barium Sulphate (Blanc Fixe)] [Illustration: Calcium Carbonate (Whiting)] [Illustration: Calcium Carbonate. By transmitted light (_The Pigment shows black_)] [Illustration: Calcium Sulphate. By transmitted light (_The Pigment shows black_)] [Illustration: Calcium Sulfate] [Illustration: Calcium Sulphate (Gypsum)] [Illustration: Silica (Silex)] [Illustration: Silex. Mag. 250 Diam. (_The Pigment shows white_)] [Illustration: China Clay. By transmitted light (_The Pigment shows black_)]