Physical science in the time of Nero : $b being a translation of the Quaestiones naturales of SenecaSeneca, Lucius Annaeus
Philosophy
Physical science in the time of Nero : $b being a translation of the Quaestiones naturales of Seneca
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
Comets; Earthquakes; Meteorology -- Early works to 1800
Halos sometimes are dissolved gradually and fade away, sometimes they 5
are broken up on one side. In the latter case seafaring men look for
wind in the direction in which the circle of the crown has been broken.
If the parting is on the north, there will be a north wind, if on the
west, zephyrs will follow. This is a proof that these crowns are formed
in the region of the sky in which the winds are usually formed. The
upper regions of air have no crowns because they have no winds either.
An additional proof of the connection of winds and halos is afforded 6
by the fact that the halo is never formed unless the atmosphere is at
rest, and the wind, as it were, inactive. Under other circumstances it
is not usually observed.
The atmosphere when it is at rest may be fashioned to any pattern by
being driven or drawn in any direction. But when it is in motion, light
cannot even strike it. It takes no shape and offers no resistance,
because the part first affected is always dissipated by the motion.
Therefore it is that no heavenly body can ever be surrounded by a 7
figure of the kind referred to unless when the atmosphere is dense and
motionless, and so preserves the ray of round light that strikes upon
it. Nor is it without good reason. Recollect the analogy mentioned
a little ago. A pebble thrown into a pond or lake or any other
circumscribed piece of water produces innumerable circles; but it has
not the same effect if thrown into a river. And why so? Because in the
latter case the water as it hurries on prevents the formation of any
definite figure. So in the atmosphere the same thing happens; when 8
it is stationary, it may receive a pattern; when it rushes in rapid
motion, it evades all control, warding off every blow and every form
as it approaches. When these crowns, of which I have spoken, have
disappeared uniformly on all sides, and vanished in their own tracks,
it is an indication of equilibrium in the atmosphere: there is perfect
quietness and you may then look out for rain. When they break up 9
at one side, it means wind in that quarter. If they burst at several
points, a storm is brewing. The reason of this may be gathered from
the explanations I have now given. If the ring fade all round, it is
evident that the atmosphere is equable, and therefore calm. But if it
is broken through on one side, evidently there must be an inclination
of the air in that direction: hence that quarter will produce wind. But
when the halo is rent and torn on all sides, plainly an attack is being
made on it from several quarters at once, and a disquieted atmosphere
is assailing it on this side and on that. So this disturbance of
the heavens, the repeated effort and striving in all directions, 10
betokens evidently that a storm is coming up with sudden shiftings of
the wind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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