Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
Such relations do not exist only between the different sensibility
of the organs, and the different fluids of the body; but they may
be exercised also between exterior substances, and the various
parts of the living system. The sum of sensibility in the bladder,
the kidneys and the salivary glands has a peculiar analogy with
cantharides and mercury. It might be thought that the sensibility
of each organ is modified, that it assumes a peculiar nature,
and that it is this diversity of nature, which constitutes the
difference of the relations of the organs with regard to bodies in
contact with them; but a number of considerations tend to prove
that such difference is occasioned, not by any difference in the
nature, but in that of the sum, the dose, the quantity of the
sensibility, if such words may be applied to a living property. I
shall adduce the following instances:--
The absorbent orifices of the serous surfaces, are sometimes bathed
for months together in the fluid of dropsies, and take up nothing.
But if the sensibility of these orifices be exalted by tonics, or
an effort of nature, in such case it will place itself, if I may so
say, in equilibrium with the fluid, and absorption will be made.
The resolution of tumours presents us with the same phenomena; as
long as the powers of the parts are weakened, the lymphatics refuse
admittance to the extravasated substances; but if the sum of these
powers be augmented by the use of resolvents, in a short time, from
the action of the lymphatics, the tumour will disappear: from the
same cause the blood, and other fluids are taken up with a sort of
avidity at times, and at others, not at all.[27]
The art of the physician, then, in the use of resolvents, must
consist in ascertaining the degree of sensibility which he
requires in the vessels for the purpose which he has in view; and
in exalting or depressing this power accordingly. In this way, in
different circumstances, resolvents may be taken from the class of
the debilitating or stimulating remedies.
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