Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
Though of such great estates I am possest,
Yet with true inward joy I am not blest;[58]
and Menander in this,—
So great’s th’ estate I am endowed withal.
All say I’m rich, but none me happy call;—
yet Euripides discourseth more confusedly and perplexedly when he
writes after this manner,—
May I ne’er live that grievous blessed life;—
But tell me, man, why valuest thou go high
Th’ unjust beatitude of tyranny?[59]
except, as I said, we allow him the use of these words in a
metaphorical and abusive sense. But enough hath been spoken of these
matters.
7. Nevertheless, this principle is not once only but often to be
inculcated and pressed on young men, that poetry, when it undertakes
a fictitious argument by way of imitation, though it make use of such
ornament and illustration as suit the actions and manners treated
of, yet disclaims not all likelihood of truth, seeing the force of
imitation, in order to the persuading of men, lies in probability.
Wherefore such imitation as does not altogether shake hands with truth
carries along with it certain signs of virtue and vice mixed together
in the actions which it doth represent. And of this nature is Homer’s
poetry, which totally bids adieu to Stoicism, the principles whereof
will not admit any vice to come near where virtue is, nor virtue to
have any thing to do where any vice lodgeth, but affirms that he that
is not a wise man can do nothing well, and he that is so can do nothing
amiss. Thus they determine in the schools. But in human actions and the
affairs of common life the judgment of Euripides is verified, that
Virtue and vice ne’er separately exist,
But in the same acts with each other twist.[60]
Next, it is to be observed that poetry, waiving the truth of things,
does most labor to beautify its fictions with variety and multiplicity
of contrivance. For variety bestows upon fable all that is pathetical,
unusual, and surprising, and thereby makes it more taking and graceful;
whereas what is void of variety is unsuitable to the nature of fable,
and so raiseth no passions at all. Upon which design of variety it
is, that the poets never represent the same persons always victorious
or prosperous or acting with the same constant tenor of virtue;—yea,
even the Gods themselves, when they engage in human actions, are not
represented as free from passions and errors;—lest, for the want of
some difficulties and cross passages, their poems should be destitute
of that briskness which is requisite to move and astonish the minds of
men.
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